Al-Jadwaa Fanar Turki, Alshakir Nadia Modhafer Ahmed, Hassoon Saif Nadhim, Al-Sabawi Nawal Atiya
Department of Conservative Dentistry, College of Dentistry, University of Mosul, Mosul, Iraq.
J Int Soc Prev Community Dent. 2025 Jun 30;15(3):275-283. doi: 10.4103/jispcd.jispcd_7_25. eCollection 2025 May-Jun.
Effective irrigants and chemo-mechanical debridement are critical for successful endodontic therapy. However, use of irrigating solutions can significantly alter the physical properties of root canal dentin, particularly its micro-hardness (MH) and surface roughness (SR). This study evaluated and compared the effects of three final chelating irrigants-0.5% chitosan nanoparticle solution (CNPs), 17% ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), and 10% citric acid (CA)-with and without ultrasonic (US) activation on the MH and SR of radicular dentin, aiming for informed clinical endodontic practices.
Forty-nine extracted mandibular premolars were decoronated, instrumented, longitudinally sectioned, and divided into 98 root halves. These were randomly assigned to two main groups for MH and SR testing and further subdivided ( = 7 per subgroup) based on the irrigant type and protocol: CNPs, CNPs + US, EDTA, EDTA + US, CA, CA + US, and distilled water (control). After 180-s immersion at 37°C, the MH was measured using a Vickers MH tester, while the SR was assessed using an SR tester. Statistical analyses were conducted using one-way analysis of variance with Tukey's test ( = 0.05).
EDTA and EDTA + US groups showed the most significant MH reduction across all root regions (coronal, middle, and apical), followed by CA and CA + US groups ( < 0.05). In contrast, CNPs and CNPs + US groups showed a significant increase in the MH compared to the control group ( < 0.05). Regarding SR, EDTA and EDTA + US produced the highest roughness values, while CNPs and CNPs + US treatment induced minimal SR changes relative to the control group.
CNPs demonstrated superior performance by increasing dentin MH and minimizing SR alterations, suggesting it is a promising, bio-compatible alternative to conventional chelating agents like EDTA for endodontic irrigation.
有效的冲洗剂和化学机械清创术对于成功的牙髓治疗至关重要。然而，冲洗液的使用会显著改变根管牙本质的物理性质，尤其是其显微硬度（MH）和表面粗糙度（SR）。本研究评估并比较了三种最终螯合冲洗剂——0.5%壳聚糖纳米颗粒溶液（CNPs）、17%乙二胺四乙酸（EDTA）和10%柠檬酸（CA）——在有和没有超声（US）激活的情况下对牙根牙本质的MH和SR的影响，旨在为牙髓临床实践提供参考。
将49颗拔除的下颌前磨牙去冠、预备、纵向剖切，分为98个牙根半体。将这些牙根半体随机分为两个主要组进行MH和SR测试，并根据冲洗剂类型和方案进一步细分（每个亚组n = 7）：CNPs、CNPs + US、EDTA、EDTA + US、CA、CA + US和蒸馏水（对照组）。在37°C下浸泡180秒后，使用维氏显微硬度测试仪测量MH，同时使用表面粗糙度测试仪评估SR。采用单因素方差分析和Tukey检验进行统计分析（α = 0.05）。
EDTA组和EDTA + US组在所有牙根区域（冠部、中部和根尖部）的MH降低最为显著，其次是CA组和CA + US组（P < 0.05）。相比之下，CNPs组和CNPs + US组的MH与对照组相比显著增加（P < 0.05）。关于SR，EDTA组和EDTA + US组产生的粗糙度值最高，而CNPs组和CNPs + US处理相对于对照组引起的SR变化最小。
CNPs通过增加牙本质MH和最小化SR改变表现出卓越性能，表明它是一种有前景的、生物相容性良好的替代传统螯合剂（如EDTA）用于牙髓冲洗术的材料。
