Ibrahim Rowida E, Sobh Mohammed S, Abdelaty Asmaa I, Mansour Abdallah Tageldein, AlSaqufi Ahmed S, Alkhamis Yousef, Hassanien Hesham A, Abbas Ahmed, Khamis Tarek, Rahman Afaf N Abdel
Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, PO Box 44511, Zagazig, Egypt.
Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, PO Box 44511, Zagazig, Egypt.
Fish Physiol Biochem. 2025 Aug 22;51(5):150. doi: 10.1007/s10695-025-01561-4.
Pesticide pollution of waterways is a significant problem that compromises the sustainability of aquaculture and harms the health of wild fish. The restoration potential of dietary white poplar leaves (WPL) during long-term hexaflumuron (HEX) exposure in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) was studied for 60 days on growth, physiological, behavioral, gene expression, and histopathology assays. Two hundred fish (36.37 ± 0.15 g) were split into four equal groups, each having five replicates. The CONT (control) and WPL groups received basal diets fortified with 0 and 6 g WPL/kg, respectively, and were not treated with HEX. In contrast, the HEX and WPL + HEX groups received the same feeding as the CONT and WPL groups, respectively, and were treated with 0.72 mg/L HEX. The results showed that HEX exposure inhibited growth, induced behavioral alterations, and increased brain 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) levels. However, the activity of acetylcholine esterase (AChE) did not significantly differ due to HEX exposure. HEX toxicity induced histopathological changes in the brain tissue, including pyknotic neurons, satellitosis, and gliosis. Additionally, the shortening of numerous secondary gill filaments and congested gill capillaries within some primary filaments was observed due to HEX exposure. The brain expression of the target of rapamycin, phosphoinositide 3-kinase, and V-akt murine thymoma viral oncogene homolog genes was upregulated, and the microtubule-associated protein light chain kinase 3 gene was downregulated due to HEX exposure. Upregulation of the ubiquitin-binding protein gene and downregulation of Beclin-1 and autophagy-related gene-12 were detected in the gills of the HEX fish with a high mortality rate (24%). Feeding on the WPL diet improved growth and behaviors and reduced brain 8-OHdG levels and mortality (10%). Furthermore, the WPL diet restored the histological picture of the brain and gill tissues and improved the autophagy process of the HEX-exposed fish. Collectively, the WPL diet could be used for the mitigation of the hazardous impacts of HEX toxicity in Nile tilapia. This could enhance our insight into the HEX toxicity mechanism and the protection offered by WPL.
水道中的农药污染是一个重大问题，它损害了水产养殖的可持续性，并危害野生鱼类的健康。我们研究了尼罗罗非鱼（Oreochromis niloticus）在长期接触六氟脲（HEX）期间，食用白杨树叶（WPL）对其生长、生理、行为、基因表达和组织病理学检测的恢复潜力，为期60天。将200条鱼（36.37±0.15克）分成四组，每组五个重复。对照组（CONT）和WPL组分别接受添加0克和6克WPL/千克的基础饲料，且未用HEX处理。相比之下，HEX组和WPL + HEX组分别与CONT组和WPL组接受相同的饲料，并分别用0.72毫克/升的HEX处理。结果表明，接触HEX会抑制生长、引起行为改变并增加大脑8-羟基-2-脱氧鸟苷（8-OHdG）水平。然而，接触HEX后乙酰胆碱酯酶（AChE）的活性没有显著差异。HEX毒性导致脑组织出现组织病理学变化，包括核固缩神经元、卫星现象和胶质细胞增生。此外，观察到由于接触HEX，许多次级鳃丝缩短，一些初级鳃丝内的鳃毛细血管充血。接触HEX后，雷帕霉素靶蛋白、磷酸肌醇3激酶和V-akt小鼠胸腺瘤病毒癌基因同源基因的大脑表达上调，微管相关蛋白轻链激酶3基因下调。在死亡率高（24%）的HEX处理鱼的鳃中，检测到泛素结合蛋白基因上调，Beclin-1和自噬相关基因-12下调。食用WPL饲料可改善生长和行为，降低大脑8-OHdG水平和死亡率（10%）。此外，WPL饲料恢复了大脑和鳃组织的组织学图像，并改善了接触HEX的鱼的自噬过程。总体而言，WPL饲料可用于减轻尼罗罗非鱼中HEX毒性的有害影响。这可以增强我们对HEX毒性机制以及WPL所提供保护的理解。
