Liu Zhihao, Sun Xiaotong, Liu Chunlei, Wang Che, Zheng Rujie, Du Xiaoyu, Song Wenjuan, Lu Chengzhi
School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China.
Department of Cardiology, Tianjin First Center Hospital, 24 Fukang Road, Nankai District, Tianjin, 300192, China.
Diabetol Metab Syndr. 2025 Aug 22;17(1):350. doi: 10.1186/s13098-025-01883-6.
Clinical observations suggest a correlation between metabolic syndrome (Mets) and overactive bladder (OAB). However, the absence of evidence for a direct causal relationship between them limits the development of effective treatment strategies. This study aimed to explore the association between Mets and OAB in the U.S. population and elucidate their causal relationships.
A cross-sectional study was conducted using data from the 2005-2018 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). OAB symptoms were assessed using the OAB symptom score (OABSS), and Mets was diagnosed based on the NCEP-ATP III criteria. Multivariate logistic regression was used to evaluate the relationship between Mets and OAB. Subgroup analyses and interaction tests were performed to assess the consistency of this association. Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis was conducted to investigate the causal effects of Mets components or risk factors on OAB symptoms, including bladder calcification /contracture/ overactivity (BCCO) and urinary frequency/incontinence (UFI).
The cross-sectional study involved 7,596 participants. After adjusting for covariates, individuals with Mets had a significantly higher risk of OAB (OR: 2.27, 95% CI: 1.89-2.72, p = 0.035). Gender subgroup analysis revealed that females had 51% higher odds of developing OAB compared to the reference group (OR: 1.51, 95% CI: 1.13-2.02, p = 0.008), while this association was not observed in males (OR: 0.95, 95% CI: 0.63-1.43, p > 0.05). MR analysis found no significant causal relationship between Mets and OAB symptoms; however, certain Mets components or risk factors, including BMI, waist circumference (WC), fasting blood glucose (FBG), and hypertension, were associated with an increased risk of OAB. The sensitivity analysis excluded the influence of potential heterogeneity and horizontal pleiotropy.
This study highlighted a positive association between Mets and OAB in the U.S. population, with significant gender differences. Furthermore, it provided evidence suggesting a potential causal role of Mets components in the development of OAB and highlighted the importance of therapeutic strategies targeting Mets for managing OAB symptoms.
临床观察表明代谢综合征（Mets）与膀胱过度活动症（OAB）之间存在关联。然而，缺乏它们之间直接因果关系的证据限制了有效治疗策略的发展。本研究旨在探讨美国人群中Mets与OAB之间的关联，并阐明它们的因果关系。
使用2005 - 2018年国家健康与营养检查调查（NHANES）的数据进行横断面研究。使用OAB症状评分（OABSS）评估OAB症状，并根据NCEP - ATP III标准诊断Mets。采用多变量逻辑回归评估Mets与OAB之间的关系。进行亚组分析和交互作用检验以评估这种关联的一致性。进行孟德尔随机化（MR）分析以研究Mets的组成部分或危险因素对OAB症状的因果影响，包括膀胱钙化/挛缩/过度活动（BCCO）和尿频/尿失禁（UFI）。
横断面研究涉及7596名参与者。在调整协变量后，患有Mets的个体患OAB的风险显著更高（OR：2.27，95% CI：1.89 - 2.72，p = 0.035）。性别亚组分析显示，与参照组相比，女性患OAB的几率高51%（OR：1.51，95% CI：1.13 - 2.02，p = 0.008），而在男性中未观察到这种关联（OR：0.95，95% CI：0.63 - 1.43，p > 0.05）。MR分析发现Mets与OAB症状之间无显著因果关系；然而，某些Mets的组成部分或危险因素，包括体重指数（BMI）、腰围（WC）、空腹血糖（FBG）和高血压，与OAB风险增加相关。敏感性分析排除了潜在异质性和水平多效性的影响。
本研究强调了美国人群中Mets与OAB之间的正相关关系，存在显著的性别差异。此外，它提供了证据表明Mets的组成部分在OAB的发生中可能起因果作用，并强调了针对Mets的治疗策略对管理OAB症状的重要性。
