Cognitive and motivational functions of imagery in human performance.

Anecdotal and research evidence suggest that imagery rehearsal can improve performance in a variety of sports activities at least some of the time. However, the reasons for the effects (or lack of them) are unclear. This paper proposes a conceptual framework that could be used to evaluate the available research literature and guide further research on the use of imagery techniques to modify performance. The framework is based on evidence that imagery mediates behaviour through either cognitive or motivational mechanisms, which affect specific or general response systems. Special emphasis is given to task analysis and the functions of memory and verbal mechanisms in imagery rehearsal.