Milstein Glen, Currier Joseph M, Dent Charles, McKnight Melissa, Eckert David, Manierre Amy
Department of Psychology, The City College of New York (CUNY), New York City, NY, United States.
Psychology Department, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, United States.
Front Psychiatry. 2025 Aug 8;16:1461804. doi: 10.3389/fpsyt.2025.1461804. eCollection 2025.
The primary purpose of public mental health is to promote wellbeing. The World Health Organization (WHO) and the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA) have found that it is crucial to engage community to improve wellbeing and to support persons at times of stress. The United States Surgeon General has reported on significant debilitation caused by an epidemic of loneliness, contributed to by the loss of social connections through fewer and less vibrant social infrastructures. WHO, SAMHSA and the Surgeon General recognize that spiritual/faith-based organizations (SFBOs) are prevalent social infrastructures, dispersed geographically, as well as found across diverse economic, ethnic, immigrant, well-served and underserved communities. Because of their prevalence and social connectedness, what role could SFBOs play to improve social cohesion and individual wellbeing, increase community support, reduce dysfunction and sustain recovery? How could mental health service organizations (MHSOs) engage SFBOs in collaborative care? This paper will review evidence that supports the role of religion and spirituality (R/S) to both promote wellbeing, as well as to respond to stressors in ways that can both prevent the onset of mental disorders and support recovery after clinical treatment. We also review negative attributes of R/S that can be the source of trauma and also impede access to mental health care. We provide a framework for C O & P E (COPE) to guide collaborations that originate in MHSOs and reach out to SFBOs to build relationships that can become partnerships. Key principles of COPE are to recognize that community and clinic are separate domains, that clergy have both religious and cultural expertise pertinent to wellbeing and social support, and that clinicians have expertise pertinent to assessment and treatment for dysfunction. COPE is a framework to bridge these separate domains in order to facilitate community-engaged collaborative care, which is clinically crucial for persons with more severe mental illness or substance abuse to sustain their recovery. We provide case examples of the COPE categories of collaboration, and include recommendations for future research in the context of outcomes for public mental health.
公共心理健康的主要目的是促进幸福安康。世界卫生组织（WHO）和药物滥用与心理健康服务管理局（SAMHSA）发现，让社区参与进来以改善幸福安康状况并在压力时期支持个人至关重要。美国卫生局局长报告称，孤独流行导致了严重的身心衰弱，社交基础设施减少且活力不足致使社会联系丧失，从而加剧了这一问题。WHO、SAMHSA和美国卫生局局长认识到，基于精神信仰的组织（SFBOs）是普遍存在的社会基础设施，在地理上分布广泛，且存在于不同经济、种族、移民、服务完善和服务不足的社区。由于它们的普遍性和社会关联性，SFBOs在改善社会凝聚力和个人幸福安康、增加社区支持、减少功能失调以及维持康复方面能发挥什么作用呢？心理健康服务组织（MHSOs）如何让SFBOs参与到协同护理中呢？本文将回顾相关证据，这些证据支持宗教和精神信仰（R/S）在促进幸福安康方面的作用，以及以既能预防精神障碍发作又能支持临床治疗后康复的方式应对压力源的作用。我们还将审视R/S的负面属性，这些属性可能是创伤的来源，也会阻碍获得心理健康护理。我们提供了一个CO & PE（应对）框架，以指导源自MHSOs并与SFBOs建立联系从而形成伙伴关系的合作。应对的关键原则是认识到社区和诊所是不同的领域，神职人员拥有与幸福安康和社会支持相关的宗教和文化专业知识，而临床医生拥有与功能失调的评估和治疗相关的专业知识。应对是一个弥合这些不同领域的框架，以便促进社区参与的协同护理，这对于患有更严重精神疾病或药物滥用的人维持康复在临床上至关重要。我们提供了应对合作类别的案例示例，并包括在公共心理健康成果背景下对未来研究的建议。
