Kuang Dai, Liu Feng, Liu Wei, Li Jieying, Tian Shen, Wang Yanshuang, Zhong Yeteng, Li Huajuan, Pei Hua, Huang Huaping, Xia Qianfeng
NHC Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control, School of Life Sciences and Medical Technology, Hainan Medical University, 3 Xueyuan Road, Haikou, 570102, Hainan, China.
Department of Respiratory Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, 31 Longhua Road, Haikou, 570102, Hainan, China.
Sci Rep. 2025 Aug 28;15(1):31670. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-16906-5.
Nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) are increasingly recognized as important opportunistic pathogens, particularly in immunocompromised individuals. We discovered a newly identified NTM, initially misidentified as Mycobacterium paraffinicum, isolated from a 42-year-old female with an eight-year history of persistent pulmonary infection. The pathogen shares high molecular similarities with Mycobacterium paraffinicum, Mycobacterium nebraskense, and Mycobacterium scrofulaceum, exhibiting atypical acid-fast properties and slow growth. Phylogenetic analysis and pairwise comparisons based on digital DNA-DNA hybridization and average nucleotide identity suggest it as a new species, which we propose naming it Mycobacterium hainanense sp. nov.. Significant differences were also observed in the 16 S rRNA, hsp65, rpoB, and sodA gene sequences between Mycobacterium hainanense and closely related mycobacterial species, confirming it as a novel species. Clinical, radiological, and microbiological findings, along with the patient's response to a tailored antibiotic regimen, are analyzed to understand disease progression and evaluate treatment efficacy against this newly identified pathogen. Functional genomic analysis highlighted diverse metabolic pathways, including lipid and carbohydrate metabolism, indicating the strain's ability to adapt to varying nutrient conditions and environmental stress. This study highlights the need for accurate identification of Mycobacterium species and calls for further in-depth research on the pathogenic mechanisms of Mycobacterium hainanense.
非结核分枝杆菌（NTM）越来越被认为是重要的机会性病原体，尤其是在免疫功能低下的个体中。我们发现了一种新鉴定的NTM，最初被误鉴定为石蜡分枝杆菌，它是从一名有八年持续性肺部感染病史的42岁女性中分离出来的。该病原体与石蜡分枝杆菌、内布拉斯加分枝杆菌和瘰疬分枝杆菌具有高度的分子相似性，表现出非典型的抗酸特性和生长缓慢。基于数字DNA-DNA杂交和平均核苷酸同一性的系统发育分析和成对比较表明它是一个新物种，我们提议将其命名为海南分枝杆菌（Mycobacterium hainanense sp. nov.）。在海南分枝杆菌与密切相关的分枝杆菌物种之间的16S rRNA、hsp65、rpoB和sodA基因序列中也观察到了显著差异，证实它是一个新物种。分析了临床、放射学和微生物学结果，以及患者对量身定制的抗生素治疗方案的反应，以了解疾病进展并评估针对这种新鉴定病原体的治疗效果。功能基因组分析突出了多种代谢途径，包括脂质和碳水化合物代谢，表明该菌株能够适应不同的营养条件和环境压力。本研究强调了准确鉴定分枝杆菌物种的必要性，并呼吁对海南分枝杆菌的致病机制进行进一步深入研究。
