Anwar Shehwaz, Sarwar Tarique, Khan Amjad Ali, Rahmani Arshad Husain
Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Mohan Institute of Nursing and Paramedical Sciences, Bareilly 243302, India.
Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah 51452, Saudi Arabia.
Biomolecules. 2025 Aug 5;15(8):1130. doi: 10.3390/biom15081130.
An imbalance between the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and antioxidant defenses is known as oxidative stress, and it is implicated in a number of diseases. The superoxide radical O is produced by numerous biochemically relevant redox processes and is thought to play role in diseases and pathological processes, such as aging, cancer, membrane or DNA damage, etc.; SOD, or superoxide dismutase, is essential for reducing oxidative stress. As a result, the elimination of ROS by SOD may be a useful disease prevention tactic. There have been reports of protective effects against neurodegeneration, apoptosis, carcinogenesis, and radiation. Exogenous SODs' low bioavailability has drawn criticism. However, this restriction might be removed, and interest in SOD's medicinal qualities increased with advancements in its formulation. This review discusses the findings of human and animal studies that support the benefits of SOD enzyme regulation in reducing oxidative stress in various ways. Additionally, this review summarizes contemporary understandings of the biology of Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) from SOD1 genetics and its therapeutic potential.
活性氧（ROS）生成与抗氧化防御之间的失衡被称为氧化应激，它与多种疾病有关。超氧阴离子自由基O由许多生物化学相关的氧化还原过程产生，被认为在诸如衰老、癌症、膜或DNA损伤等疾病和病理过程中起作用；超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）对于减轻氧化应激至关重要。因此，通过SOD消除ROS可能是一种有用的疾病预防策略。已有关于其对神经退行性变、细胞凋亡、致癌作用和辐射具有保护作用的报道。外源性SOD的低生物利用度受到了批评。然而，随着其制剂的进步，这一限制可能会被消除，并且对SOD药用特性的兴趣也会增加。本综述讨论了支持SOD酶调节以多种方式减轻氧化应激益处的人类和动物研究结果。此外，本综述总结了从SOD1遗传学及其治疗潜力方面对铜/锌超氧化物歧化酶1（SOD1）生物学的当代理解。
