Pescador-Gutiérrez Alejandra María, Chávez-Sánchez Jesús Francisco, Galaviz-Silva Lucio, Zarate-Ramos Juan José, Villarreal-Villarreal José Pablo, Bernal-García Sergio Eduardo, Castillo-Velázquez Uziel, Cervantes-Vega Rubén, Avalos-Ramirez Ramiro
Cuerpo Académico de Epidemiología Veterinaria, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Campus Ciencias Agropecuarias, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Mariano Escobedo, Nuevo León C.P. 66054, Mexico.
Laboratorio de Patología Molecular y Experimental, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Ave. Universidad, S/N, Ciudad Universitaria, San Nicolas de los Garza, Nuevo León C.P. 66455, Mexico.
Life (Basel). 2025 Aug 2;15(8):1224. doi: 10.3390/life15081224.
Leptospirosis is a globally significant zoonosis affecting animal health, productivity, and the environment. While typically associated with tropical climates, its persistence in semi-arid regions such as La Laguna, Mexico-characterized by low humidity, high temperatures, and limited water sources-remains poorly understood. Although these adverse environmental conditions theoretically limit the survival of , high livestock density and synanthropic reservoirs (e.g., rodents) may compensate, facilitating transmission. In this cross-sectional study, blood sera from 445 dairy cows (28 herds: 12 intensive [MI], 16 semi-intensive [MSI] systems) were analyzed via microscopic agglutination testing (MAT) against 10 pathogenic serovars. Urine samples were cultured for active detection. Risk factors were assessed through epidemiological surveys and multivariable analysis. This study revealed an overall apparent seroprevalence of 27.0% (95% CI: 22.8-31.1), with significantly higher rates in MSI (54.1%) versus MI (12.2%) herds ( < 0.001) and an estimated true seroprevalence of 56.3% (95% CI: 50.2-62.1) in MSI and 13.1% (95% CI: 8.5-18.7) in MI herds ( < 0.001). The Sejroe serogroup was isolated from urine in both systems, confirming active circulation. In MI herds, rodent presence (OR: 3.6; 95% CI: 1.6-7.9) was identified as a risk factor for seropositivity, while first-trimester abortions (OR:10.1; 95% CI: 4.2-24.2) were significantly associated with infection. In MSI herds, risk factors associated with seropositivity included co-occurrence with hens (OR: 2.8; 95% CI: 1.5-5.3) and natural breeding (OR: 2.0; 95% CI: 1.1-3.9), whereas mastitis/agalactiae (OR: 2.8; 95% CI: 1.5-5.2) represented a clinical outcome associated with seropositivity. Despite semi-arid conditions, maintains transmission in La Laguna, particularly in semi-intensive systems. The coexistence of adapted (Sejroe) and incidental serogroups underscores the need for targeted interventions, such as rodent control in MI systems and poultry management in MSI systems, to mitigate both zoonotic and economic impacts.
钩端螺旋体病是一种在全球范围内具有重要意义的人畜共患病，影响动物健康、生产力和环境。虽然通常与热带气候相关，但它在墨西哥拉古纳等半干旱地区的持续存在情况——其特点是湿度低、温度高和水源有限——仍知之甚少。尽管这些不利的环境条件理论上会限制钩端螺旋体的生存，但高牲畜密度和共生宿主（如啮齿动物）可能起到补偿作用，促进传播。在这项横断面研究中，通过显微镜凝集试验（MAT）对来自445头奶牛（28个牛群：12个集约化[MI]、16个半集约化[MSI]养殖系统）的血清进行了分析，检测针对10种致病性血清型。对尿液样本进行培养以检测是否有活跃感染。通过流行病学调查和多变量分析评估风险因素。本研究显示总体表观血清阳性率为27.0%（95%置信区间：22.8 - 31.1），MSI牛群（54.1%）的血清阳性率显著高于MI牛群（12.2%）（P < 0.001），MSI牛群的估计真实血清阳性率为56.3%（95%置信区间：50.2 - 62.1），MI牛群为13.1%（95%置信区间：8.5 - 18.7）（P < 0.001）。在两个养殖系统的尿液中均分离出了 sejroe血清群，证实了其活跃传播。在MI牛群中，啮齿动物存在（比值比：3.6；95%置信区间：1.6 - 7.9）被确定为钩端螺旋体血清阳性的一个风险因素，而妊娠早期流产（比值比：10.1；95%置信区间：4.2 - 24.2）与感染显著相关。在MSI牛群中，与钩端螺旋体血清阳性相关的风险因素包括与母鸡共存（比值比：2.8；95%置信区间：1.5 - 5.3）和自然交配（比值比：2.0；95%置信区间：1.1 - 3.9），而乳腺炎/无乳症（比值比：2.8；95%置信区间：1.5 - 5.2）是与血清阳性相关的一种临床结局。尽管处于半干旱条件下，钩端螺旋体在拉古纳仍保持传播，尤其是在半集约化养殖系统中。适应性（sejroe）血清群和偶发血清群的共存凸显了采取针对性干预措施的必要性，如在MI养殖系统中进行啮齿动物控制以及在MSI养殖系统中进行家禽管理，以减轻人畜共患病和经济影响。
