The Impact of Blood Flow Restriction Training on Glucose and Lipid Metabolism in Overweight or Obese Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Blood flow restriction training (BFRT) offers notable advantages, including simplicity and time efficiency. However, no meta-analysis has yet comprehensively evaluated its effects on glucose and lipid metabolism in overweight or obese adults. This meta-analysis examines the potential efficacy of BFRT in improving glycemic and lipid control in overweight/obese adults. The literature was searched in six databases, with the search period up to 31 March 2025. A total of eight randomized controlled trials involving 267 participants were identified. Data were analyzed using Stata 18.0 and RevMan 5.4 with random effects models. Outcomes included fasting blood glucose (FBG), homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), and lipid profiles, and risk of bias and publication bias (Egger's test) were assessed. BFRT significantly reduced FBG (Hedges' g = -1.13, 95% CI: -1.65 to -0.62, < 0.01; = 66.34%) and HOMA-IR (Hedges' g = -0.98, 95% CI: -1.35 to -0.61, < 0.01; = 17.33%) compared with the controls. However, no significant changes were observed in lipid profiles. Our analysis demonstrates that BFRT exhibits the favorable effect of improving glucose metabolism in overweight/obese adults; however, current evidence does not support significant advantages of BFRT for lipid metabolism improvement.