Wang Feng-Ze, Liu Shuo, Gao Min, Yu Yao, Zhang Wen-Bo, Li Hui, Peng Xin
Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology and National Center for Stomatology and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases and National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices and Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology and NHC Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology and NMPA Key Laboratory for Dental Materials, No.22, Zhongguancun South Avenue, Haidian District, Beijing 100081, China.
Department of VIP Dental Service, Department of Geriatric Dentistry, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing 100081, China.
Polymers (Basel). 2025 Mar 23;17(7):858. doi: 10.3390/polym17070858.
The limitations of traditional, autologous bone grafts, such as the scarcity of donor material and the risks of secondary surgical trauma, have spurred the development of alternatives for the repair of large bone defects. Bionic bone scaffolds fabricated via fused deposition modeling (FDM)-a three-dimensional (3D) printing technique-are considered promising. While gyroid-structured scaffolds mimic the complex micro-architecture of cancellous bone, their application in FDM 3D printing remains understudied. Furthermore, no consensus has been reached on the ideal pore size for gyroid scaffolds, which is influenced by the infill density. In this study, we fabricated five groups of polycaprolactone/hydroxyapatite (PCL/HA) scaffolds with different infill densities (40%, 45%, 50%, 55%, and 60%) using a solvent-free filament preparation method. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) observation showed that all scaffolds exhibit an interconnected porous structure. The scaffold with the 55% infill density, featuring a pore size of 465 ± 63 μm, demonstrated optimal hydrophilicity and mechanical properties comparable to natural cancellous bone. In addition, this scaffold supported cellular bridging within its pores and showed the highest alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and calcium salt deposition. Our findings offer novel insights into the design of gyroid-like scaffolds and their fabrication via FDM, paving the way for potential clinical applications.
传统自体骨移植存在局限性，如供体材料稀缺以及二次手术创伤风险，这促使人们开发用于修复大骨缺损的替代方法。通过熔融沉积建模（FDM）——一种三维（3D）打印技术制造的仿生骨支架被认为具有前景。虽然类螺旋结构支架模仿了松质骨的复杂微观结构，但其在FDM 3D打印中的应用仍研究不足。此外，对于类螺旋支架的理想孔径尚未达成共识，其受填充密度影响。在本研究中，我们使用无溶剂长丝制备方法制造了五组具有不同填充密度（40%、45%、50%、55%和60%）的聚己内酯/羟基磷灰石（PCL/HA）支架。扫描电子显微镜（SEM）观察表明，所有支架均呈现相互连通的多孔结构。填充密度为55%的支架，孔径为465±63μm，表现出最佳的亲水性和与天然松质骨相当的力学性能。此外，该支架在其孔隙内支持细胞桥接，并显示出最高的碱性磷酸酶（ALP）活性和钙盐沉积。我们的研究结果为类螺旋状支架的设计及其通过FDM制造提供了新的见解，为潜在的临床应用铺平了道路。
