Wang Rui, Wu Jiayun, Wang Yang, Sun Zhimei, Ma Wenqi, Xue Cheng, Xu Huasen
College of Resources and Environment Science (College of Land Resources), Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, China.
Key Laboratory for Farmland Eco-Environment of Hebei, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, China.
Plants (Basel). 2025 Aug 21;14(16):2598. doi: 10.3390/plants14162598.
Given the pressing global food security crisis and climate change-induced constraints on agricultural productivity, crop rotation proves critical for boosting yield and grain quality of winter wheat () alongside ameliorating soil quality. However, the legacy effect of different preceding crops on synergistic increments of wheat productivity and soil fertility remains to be fully clarified. Five different preceding crop-winter wheat rotations were conducted in a field experiment established in Huanghua, China. Maize (), sorghum (), and millet ) were designated as preceding gramineous crops, and soybean () and mung bean () were assigned as preceding legume crops. Grain yield, protein fraction, and soil nutrients were measured to elucidate the legacy effect of the preceding crops on the subsequent winter wheat. Leguminous predecessors significantly evaluated the grain yield of winter wheat compared to gramineous predecessors, particularly that the mung-winter wheat rotation (Mun-W) was 11.56% higher than that of the maize-winter wheat rotation (Mai-W). This rising yield was attributed to the increase of 4.05% in spike number per hectare and 14.31% in kernel number per spike. The Mun-W facilitated the highest gluten protein content (8.22%) in winter wheat among five treatments, which was 6.06% higher than that in the sorghum-winter wheat system. Soil organic matter (SOM) showed an advantage in legume-winter wheat rotations (Leg-Ws) compared to gramineous crop-winter wheat systems (Gra-Ws). Notably among these, the Mun-W significantly enhanced SOM content by 0.99% relative to the Mai-W. The soybean-winter wheat system decreased soil pH by 0.36 compared to the Mai-W system. Coupling coordination degree (CCD) and co-benefit index (CBI) in the Leg-Ws exhibited significant superiority of 62.41% and 42.22% over the Gra-Ws, respectively, and the Mun-W attained maximum CCD by 0.84 and CBI by 0.77. From a multi-objective assessment perspective of the legacy effect of the preceding crops, legume-based rotations facilitate synergistic improvements of yield, protein quality, and soil nutrients in winter wheat.
鉴于全球紧迫的粮食安全危机以及气候变化对农业生产力造成的限制，事实证明，轮作对于提高冬小麦产量和籽粒品质以及改善土壤质量至关重要。然而，不同前茬作物对小麦生产力和土壤肥力协同增加的遗留效应仍有待充分阐明。在中国黄骅开展的一项田间试验中，进行了五种不同的前茬作物—冬小麦轮作。玉米、高粱和谷子被指定为前茬禾本科作物，大豆和绿豆被指定为前茬豆科作物。通过测量籽粒产量、蛋白质组分和土壤养分，以阐明前茬作物对后续冬小麦的遗留效应。与禾本科前茬作物相比，豆科前茬作物显著提高了冬小麦的籽粒产量，尤其是绿豆—冬小麦轮作（Mun-W）比玉米—冬小麦轮作（Mai-W）高出11.56%。产量的增加归因于每公顷穗数增加4.05%，每穗粒数增加14.31%。在五种处理中，Mun-W使冬小麦的面筋蛋白含量最高（8.22%），比高粱—冬小麦体系高6.06%。与禾本科作物—冬小麦体系（Gra-Ws）相比，豆科作物—冬小麦轮作（Leg-Ws）中的土壤有机质（SOM）具有优势。其中，值得注意的是，与Mai-W相比，Mun-W使SOM含量显著提高了0.99%。与Mai-W体系相比，大豆—冬小麦体系使土壤pH值降低了0.36。Leg-Ws中的耦合协调度（CCD）和协同效益指数（CBI）分别比Gra-Ws显著高出62.41%和42.22%，Mun-W的CCD最高达到0.84，CBI最高达到0.77。从前茬作物遗留效应的多目标评估角度来看，以豆科作物为基础的轮作有利于冬小麦产量、蛋白质品质和土壤养分的协同改善。
