Yan Chao, Yang Yi, Song Junming, Shan Fuxin, Lyu Xiaochen, Yan Shuangshuang, Wang Chang, Song Qiulai, Ma Chunmei
College of Agriculture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China.
Chinese People's Armed Police Force Non Commissioned Officer School, Hangzhou, China.
Front Plant Sci. 2024 Jul 30;15:1413507. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1413507. eCollection 2024.
Corn-soybean rotation is a cropping pattern to optimize crop structure and improve resource use efficiency, and nitrogen (N) fertilizer application is an indispensable tool to increase corn yields. However, the effects of N fertilizer application levels on corn yield and soil N storage under corn-soybean rotation have not been systematically studied. The experimental located in the central part of the Songnen Plain, a split-zone experimental design was used with two planting patterns of continuous corn (CC) and corn-soybean rotations (RC) in the main zone and three N application rates of 0, 180, and 360 kg hm of urea in the secondary zone. The research has shown that RC treatments can enhance plant growth and increase corn yield by 4.76% to 79.92% compared to CC treatments. The amount of N fertilizer applied has a negative correlation with yield increase range, and N application above 180 kg hm has a significantly lower effect on corn yield increase. Therefore, a reduction in N fertilizer application may be appropriate. RC increased soil N storage by improving soil N-transforming enzyme activity, improving soil N content and the proportion of soil organic N fractions. Additionally, it can improve plant N use efficiency by 1.4%-5.6%. Soybeans grown in corn-soybean rotations systems have the potential to replace more than 180 kg hm of urea application. Corn-soybean rotation with low N inputs is an efficient and sustainable agricultural strategy.
玉米-大豆轮作是一种优化作物结构、提高资源利用效率的种植模式，而施用氮肥是提高玉米产量不可或缺的手段。然而，在玉米-大豆轮作模式下，氮肥施用量对玉米产量和土壤氮素储存的影响尚未得到系统研究。试验位于松嫩平原中部，采用裂区试验设计，主区设置连作玉米（CC）和玉米-大豆轮作（RC）两种种植模式，副区设置0、180和360 kg·hm尿素三种施氮量。研究表明，与CC处理相比，RC处理能促进植株生长，玉米产量提高4.76%至79.92%。施氮量与产量增幅呈负相关，施氮量超过180 kg·hm时，对玉米增产的效果显著降低。因此，适当减少氮肥施用量可能是合适的。RC通过提高土壤氮转化酶活性、增加土壤氮含量和土壤有机氮组分比例，增加了土壤氮素储存。此外，它还能提高植株氮利用效率1.4% - 5.6%。在玉米-大豆轮作系统中种植的大豆有可能替代超过180 kg·hm的尿素施用量。低氮投入的玉米-大豆轮作是一种高效且可持续的农业策略。
