Shandhi Shoubeho Sadique, Malaker Suprety, Shahriar Mohammad, Anjum Ramisa
Department of Pharmacy, University of Asia Pacific, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
Department of Pharmacy, University of Asia Pacific, 74/A, Green Road, Dhaka 1205, Bangladesh.
Ther Adv Infect Dis. 2025 Aug 30;12:20499361251371110. doi: 10.1177/20499361251371110. eCollection 2025 Jan-Dec.
Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) has emerged as a serious candidate for "Disease X"-the name for an unknown agent that could cause a global pandemic. This paper searches for the unique traits of CHIKV that match that designation. Critical mutations like E1-A226V and E2 L210Q have driven CHIKV's rapid adaptability and its transmission from Aedes mosquitoes to over 110 countries around the world. Public health impact is amped because the virus can cause debilitating diseases including chronic arthritis and severe neonatal complications. Populations remain vulnerable despite a recently approved vaccine, as there is little distribution of it and no treatments for the virus. By underscoring urbanization, climate change, and global travel as ecologic and genetic factors that enable the emergence and persistence of CHIKV, this paper emphasizes that these critical enablers of CHIKV need to be addressed both in the context of host range and transmission potential. However, phylogenetic studies and surveillance data for its capacity to sustain transmission cycles show how important it is to be included in improved global health strategies. Improved early detection, improved vector control, equitable vaccine distribution, and greater international collaboration are critical to reduce the pandemic potential of CHIKV. This paper aims to explore the genetic adaptations of CHIKV that have driven its increased transmission and expanded geographic spread. It examines how key mutations enable the virus to adapt to different mosquito vectors, contributing to its pandemic potential. The paper also assesses the epidemiological and environmental factors influencing CHIKV's emergence and persistence, alongside the public health challenges posed by limited vaccine availability and treatment options. Finally, it highlights prevention strategies and the importance of global preparedness to reduce the risk of widespread outbreaks.
基孔肯雅病毒（CHIKV）已成为“X疾病”的一个严重候选病原体——“X疾病”是指一种可能引发全球大流行的未知病原体。本文探寻了与该名称相符的CHIKV的独特特征。诸如E1-A226V和E2 L210Q等关键突变推动了CHIKV的快速适应性及其从伊蚊向全球110多个国家的传播。由于该病毒可导致包括慢性关节炎和严重新生儿并发症在内的使人衰弱的疾病，其对公共卫生的影响被放大。尽管最近批准了一种疫苗，但由于疫苗分发极少且尚无针对该病毒的治疗方法，人群仍然易受感染。通过强调城市化、气候变化和全球旅行是促使CHIKV出现和持续存在的生态和遗传因素，本文强调，需要在宿主范围和传播潜力的背景下解决这些CHIKV的关键促成因素。然而，关于其维持传播周期能力的系统发育研究和监测数据表明，将其纳入改进的全球卫生战略是多么重要。改进早期检测、加强病媒控制、公平疫苗分发以及加强国际合作对于降低CHIKV的大流行潜力至关重要。本文旨在探索推动CHIKV传播增加和地理传播范围扩大的基因适应性。它研究了关键突变如何使病毒适应不同的蚊媒，从而增加其大流行潜力。本文还评估了影响CHIKV出现和持续存在的流行病学和环境因素，以及疫苗供应有限和治疗选择所带来的公共卫生挑战。最后，它强调了预防策略以及全球防范以降低广泛爆发风险的重要性。
