Liang Chen, Yi Yi, Li Jia, Aghayants Sis, Chen Xue, Cao Wei, Zhang Qi
Department of Plastic and Cosmetic Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei Province, China.
Nursing Department, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei Province, China.
Stem Cell Res Ther. 2025 Aug 29;16(1):474. doi: 10.1186/s13287-025-04620-y.
Skin ageing is a multifactorial process influenced by both intrinsic (genetic and metabolic) and extrinsic (environmental) factors, leading to noticeable changes such as wrinkles, loss of elasticity, and pigmentation disorders. Recent advancements in regenerative medicine have highlighted the potential of exosomes, small extracellular vesicles, in mediating cellular communication and promoting rejuvenation processes in skin tissues. Exosomes are secreted by various cell types and are rich in bioactive molecules such as proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids, which are crucial for modulating physiological responses. Exosomes derived from mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs), and other sources have shown promising results in enhancing skin cell proliferation and collagen synthesis and reducing oxidative stress, thereby mitigating both intrinsic and extrinsic skin ageing. Therefore, this review explores the mechanisms through which exosomes exert their effects, including the modulation of signalling pathways involved in cell growth, anti-inflammatory responses, and matrix remodelling. We also explore innovative delivery systems for exosome-based therapies, such as microneedling and hydrogels, which enhance the penetration and efficacy of these vesicles in skin applications. However, despite their potential, the clinical application of exosome-based therapies faces challenges such as scalability of production, standardization of purification methods, and understanding of long-term effects. This comprehensive investigation emphasised the potential of exosomes in the fields of dermatology and regenerative medicine in combating skin ageing.
皮肤老化是一个受内在（遗传和代谢）和外在（环境）因素影响的多因素过程，会导致明显的变化，如皱纹、弹性丧失和色素沉着紊乱。再生医学的最新进展突出了外泌体（小细胞外囊泡）在介导细胞通讯和促进皮肤组织年轻化过程中的潜力。外泌体由多种细胞类型分泌，富含蛋白质、脂质和核酸等生物活性分子，这些分子对于调节生理反应至关重要。源自间充质干细胞（MSC）、脂肪来源干细胞（ADSC）和其他来源的外泌体在增强皮肤细胞增殖和胶原蛋白合成以及减少氧化应激方面已显示出有前景的结果，从而减轻内在和外在皮肤老化。因此，本综述探讨了外泌体发挥其作用的机制，包括对参与细胞生长、抗炎反应和基质重塑的信号通路的调节。我们还探讨了基于外泌体疗法的创新递送系统，如微针和水凝胶，这些系统可增强这些囊泡在皮肤应用中的渗透和功效。然而，尽管外泌体具有潜力，但基于外泌体疗法的临床应用面临着生产可扩展性、纯化方法标准化以及对长期影响的理解等挑战。这项全面的研究强调了外泌体在皮肤病学和再生医学领域对抗皮肤老化方面的潜力。
