Wang Yiting, Cao Fei, Huang Mengjun, Teng Qiliang, Guan Yupeng, Pang Jun
Department of Urology, Pelvic Floor Disorders Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China.
FASEB J. 2025 Sep 15;39(17):e70989. doi: 10.1096/fj.202501308RR.
Immunotherapies have achieved remarkable success in treating various malignant tumors in recent years; however, their application in prostate cancer remains in the early stages of development. This is mainly because the disease has low immunogenicity, and its complex immune microenvironment limits the efficacy of single immunotherapy. Researchers are increasingly exploring novel immunotherapy strategies for this disease. Key approaches include immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), which restore T cell function and enhance cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) activity; cell therapies that target tumor-associated antigens; cancer vaccines that stimulate immune responses against prostate cancer; and bispecific antibodies (BsAbs) that link tumor cells and T cells to promote tumor eradication. Combination therapies integrating immunotherapy with conventional treatments such as chemotherapy, androgen deprivation therapy (ADT), and radiotherapy further show potential to overcome prostate cancer's immunosuppressive microenvironment. This review discusses the current immunotherapy strategies for prostate cancer, highlights recent advancements, and explores the challenges and future directions in improving clinical outcomes for patients with this disease.
近年来，免疫疗法在治疗各种恶性肿瘤方面取得了显著成功；然而，其在前列腺癌中的应用仍处于发展初期。这主要是因为该疾病免疫原性较低，且其复杂的免疫微环境限制了单一免疫疗法的疗效。研究人员越来越多地探索针对这种疾病的新型免疫疗法策略。关键方法包括免疫检查点抑制剂（ICIs），其可恢复T细胞功能并增强细胞毒性T淋巴细胞（CTL）活性；针对肿瘤相关抗原的细胞疗法；刺激针对前列腺癌的免疫反应的癌症疫苗；以及连接肿瘤细胞和T细胞以促进肿瘤根除的双特异性抗体（BsAbs）。将免疫疗法与化疗、雄激素剥夺疗法（ADT）和放疗等传统治疗方法相结合的联合疗法进一步显示出克服前列腺癌免疫抑制微环境的潜力。本综述讨论了当前前列腺癌的免疫疗法策略，突出了近期进展，并探讨了改善该疾病患者临床结局方面的挑战和未来方向。
