Exploring the determinants of subjective well-being among the elderly in Dongguan: a qualitative comparison of migrant and local residents.

OBJECTIVES

This study aims to explore the determinants of subjective well-being among elderly populations in Dongguan, one of China's most rapidly industrializing cities, with a particular focus on differences between migrant and native elderly residents.

METHODS/ANALYSIS: A qualitative research design was employed. Semi-structured in-depth interviews were conducted with 38 elderly participants (26 native and 12 migrant residents) in Tangxia Town, Dongguan City. The data were analyzed using thematic analysis supported by NVivo software, and participant recruitment was conducted through purposive and snowball sampling until data saturation was reached.

FINDINGS

Five main themes influencing subjective well-being emerged: physical condition, family relationships, basic living conditions, environmental adaptation, and life security. Health and family reunification were universally regarded as critical to well-being. While both groups reported positive well-being, migrant elderly experienced more barriers in medical insurance coverage and lower engagement in social activities, contributing to relatively lower satisfaction. Native elderly, in contrast, benefited more from established social networks and local policy support.

NOVELTY/IMPROVEMENT: Unlike previous studies that focus predominantly on migrant workers or treat elderly populations as a homogeneous group, this study offers a comparative lens on migrant and native elderly, revealing unique challenges faced by migrant elders in urban environments. The findings highlight the need for more inclusive social participation opportunities and portable medical insurance policies to improve the well-being of migrant elderly in rapidly urbanizing areas. This study contributes empirical evidence to inform aging-related policy development under China's demographic transition.