Chaiyasit Yuttachai, Chanbunlawat Khwanprapat
Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Nursing, Ubon Ratchathani University, Ubon Ratchathani, Thailand.
Department of Adult and Gerontological Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Ubon Ratchathani Rajabhat University, Ubon Ratchathani, Thailand.
J Caring Sci. 2025 Jun 21;14(2):127-134. doi: 10.34172/jcs.025.33659. eCollection 2025 Jul.
A spiritual distress scale for Thai patients with chronic non-communicable diseases (SDS-Thai-NCDs) has not yet been developed. This study aimed to develop and evaluate its psychometric properties.
A methodological approach was applied to develop and verify the quality of the scale through seven steps: defining concepts, formatting the scale, creating items, expert review, item selection, field testing, and psychometric property testing. The sample included 400 Thai patients with chronic NCDs from eight provinces, representing all regions of Thailand. The scale's quality was assessed through content validity, discrimination index, reliability, and exploratory factor analysis.
Initially, the scale contained 48 items, which were reduced to 46 items after expert review, with a content validity index of 0.97. Item analysis and selection revealed 43 items that met the criteria, with corrected item-total correlations greater than 0.30 and discrimination indices ranging from 0.336 to 0.906. The scale demonstrated excellent internal consistency, with a Cronbach's alpha coefficient of 0.986. During the field test and psychometric property testing, the 43 items were grouped into five factors, with eigenvalues ranging from 3.494 to 8.385, explaining 70.80% of the variance. The five factors identified were: Loss of self-esteem, meaning, and purpose of life; Loss of relationships with oneself and others; Loss of hope and inner strength; Loss of relationship with nature and a higher power; and Physical expression.
The SDS-Thai-NCDs is an effective tool for assessing spiritual distress and can be used in clinical practice or research to guide interventions aimed at alleviating spiritual distress among patients with chronic NCDs.
尚未开发出针对泰国慢性非传染性疾病患者的精神痛苦量表（SDS-Thai-NCDs）。本研究旨在开发并评估其心理测量特性。
采用一种方法学途径，通过七个步骤来开发和验证该量表的质量：定义概念、设计量表格式、创建条目、专家评审、条目选择、现场测试和心理测量特性测试。样本包括来自泰国八个省份的400名患有慢性非传染性疾病的泰国患者，代表泰国所有地区。通过内容效度、区分指数、信度和探索性因子分析来评估该量表的质量。
最初，该量表包含48个条目，专家评审后减少至46个条目，内容效度指数为0.97。条目分析和选择显示有43个条目符合标准，校正后的条目与总分相关性大于0.30，区分指数范围为0.336至0.906。该量表显示出极好的内部一致性，克朗巴哈系数为0.986。在现场测试和心理测量特性测试中，43个条目被归为五个因子，特征值范围为3.494至8.385，解释了70.80%的方差。确定的五个因子为：自尊、生活意义和目的的丧失；与自己及他人关系的丧失；希望和内心力量的丧失；与自然及更高力量关系的丧失；以及身体表现。
SDS-Thai-NCDs是评估精神痛苦的有效工具，可用于临床实践或研究，以指导旨在减轻慢性非传染性疾病患者精神痛苦的干预措施。
