Raza Shanaz, Saleem Fahad, Alwi Syireen, Haider Sajjad, Iqbal Qaiser, Wahid Abdul, Bashaar Mohammad
Department of Pharmacy, University of Balochistan, Quetta, Pakistan.
Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
J Multidiscip Healthc. 2025 Aug 20;18:5075-5088. doi: 10.2147/JMDH.S536636. eCollection 2025.
We aimed to examine and establish the psychometric properties of the Urdu version of the Brief Illness Perception Questionnaire (BIPQ) in patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.
A standard forward-backwards translation procedure was adopted. The Urdu (lingua franca of Pakistan) version of BIPQ was approved by an independent expert panel and committee review. The intraclass correlation (ICC) established the consistency of the retained items in the questionnaire. The test-retest reliability for the pilot and field study was identified by using Cronbach's coefficient. An Exploratory Factor Analysis, conducted using principal axis factoring extraction and oblique rotation with Kaiser normalization, was employed to validate the BIPQ in Urdu. The open-ended section of the BIPQ was discussed for reliability and validity through the Delphi method.
The 8-item translated version (later termed the Brief Illness Perception Questionnaire in Urdu, or BIPQ-U) exhibited an acceptable Cronbach's alpha value of 0.814 (test) and 0.800 (re-test). The ICC for all eight items exhibited exceptional coefficient values of > 0.80. Internal consistency during the field study was also acceptable (α = 0.815). The appropriateness of psychometric assessment was confirmed through the Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin measure of sampling adequacy (0.855) and Bartlett's Test of Sphericity (p<0.05). A statistically significant difference between females and males (p = 0.025) confirmed the discriminative validity through Mann-Whitney -test. Based on initial eigenvalues > 1, four factors were extracted, accounting for a total variance of 75.96%. With acceptable commonalities of >0.30, all eight items of BIPQ-U were retained. Lastly, members of the Delphi group reached a mutual consensus on adding question number 9 to the validated BIPQ-U.
The BIPQ-U is a reliable tool for assessing illness perception among Urdu-speaking patients. It can help healthcare providers better understand patient beliefs and improve care.
我们旨在检验并确立乌尔都语版简易疾病认知问卷（BIPQ）在2型糖尿病患者中的心理测量特性。
采用标准的前后向翻译程序。乌尔都语（巴基斯坦的通用语言）版BIPQ经独立专家小组和委员会审查批准。组内相关系数（ICC）确定了问卷中保留项目的一致性。通过使用克朗巴赫系数确定了试点研究和现场研究的重测信度。采用主轴因子提取和具有凯泽归一化的斜交旋转进行探索性因子分析，以验证乌尔都语版BIPQ。通过德尔菲法对BIPQ的开放式部分进行了可靠性和有效性讨论。
8项翻译版本（后来称为乌尔都语简易疾病认知问卷，或BIPQ-U）的克朗巴赫α值在测试时为0.814，重测时为0.800，均可接受。所有八项的ICC均显示出大于0.80的优异系数值。现场研究期间的内部一致性也可接受（α = 0.815）。通过凯泽-迈耶-奥尔金抽样适当性度量（0.855）和巴特利特球形检验（p<0.05）证实了心理测量评估的适宜性。通过曼-惠特尼检验，女性和男性之间具有统计学显著差异（p = 0.025），证实了区分效度。基于大于1的初始特征值，提取了四个因子，占总方差的75.96%。由于共性大于0.30可接受，BIPQ-U的所有八项均被保留。最后，德尔菲小组的成员就将问题9添加到经验证的BIPQ-U中达成了共识。
BIPQ-U是评估乌尔都语患者疾病认知的可靠工具。它可以帮助医疗保健提供者更好地理解患者的信念并改善护理。
