The polyphasic approach reveals two new species and two new records of (Apiosporaceae, Amphisphaeriales) associated with from China.

This study isolated endophytic fungi of the genus from (Chinese agarwood) in Guangxi, China. Through rigorous morphological comparisons and molecular phylogenetic analyses, we have identified two new species ( and ) and two new host-recorded species ( and ). The morphological analysis revealed that the new species align with the genus-level definition of in colony morphology, conidiophores, and conidial characteristics. However, they were distinguished from known species by finer features such as conidial dimensions and conidiogenous structures. For instance, conidiophores in are typically differentiated from hyphae, characterized by dark pigmentation, which is consistent with broader taxonomic descriptions. Molecular phylogeny, based on concatenated datasets of the ITS, , and loci, showed that is most closely related to , while forms a distinct basal clade relative to these two groups. Additionally, and were first recorded on , expanding their known host ranges. The study enriches the taxonomic framework of by providing novel data from China, emphasizing the importance of integrating morphological and molecular approaches in fungal systematics. It also underscores the ecological diversity of fungal-host interactions in agarwood-producing trees, a topic explored in related research on endophytic fungi. These findings have significant implications for our understanding of fungal diversity and their ecological roles in agarwood-producing trees, and they pave the way for further research in this area.