Rumpf Hans-Jürgen, John Ulrich, Seitz Helmut, Rehbein Florian, Scherbaum Norbert, Havemann-Reinecke Ursula, Hayer Tobias
Klinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie, Universität zu Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23538, Lübeck, Deutschland.
Institut für Community Medicine, Abteilung für Präventionsforschung und Sozialmedizin, Universitätsmedizin Greifswald, Greifswald, Deutschland.
Nervenarzt. 2025 Sep 3. doi: 10.1007/s00115-025-01893-9.
From a public health perspective, the provision of information on low-risk consumption is highly relevant for behavior with addictive potential and negative health, psychological or social consequences. This article provides an overview of the effectiveness and benefits of such recommendations for alcohol, cannabis, gambling and gaming.
An overview based on a narrative review.
The recommendation for alcohol consumption limits can no longer be upheld on the basis of current evidence. Instead, abstinence is recommended. In the case of cannabis, it is currently not possible to determine thresholds for the frequency and quantity of use with regard to consequential harms. Current recommendations, therefore, relate to "safer use". With respect to gambling, initial but not yet reliable empirical data are available. Thresholds of varying consumption dimensions, such as the involvement in different forms of gambling, the regularity or duration of gambling as well as the amount of money spent, must be taken into account. There are no evidence-based consumption recommendations for gaming. Furthermore, a consideration of the media content that goes beyond pure usage time is essential before any recommendations can be derived. Overall, the effectiveness of recommendations depends on the perception and acceptance of the population.
Recommendations for consumption are based on the available evidence and must be continuously reviewed and adapted, as can be seen from the example of alcohol consumption. Behavioral recommendations must be communicated in a suitable form so that they are understood without bias and are accepted by the general population.
从公共卫生角度来看，提供低风险消费信息对于具有成瘾潜力且会产生负面健康、心理或社会后果的行为高度相关。本文概述了此类针对酒精、大麻、赌博和游戏的建议的有效性和益处。
基于叙述性综述的概述。
根据当前证据，不再支持酒精消费限量建议。相反，建议戒酒。就大麻而言，目前无法确定使用频率和数量与相应危害相关的阈值。因此，当前建议涉及“更安全的使用”。关于赌博，有初步但尚不可靠的实证数据。必须考虑不同消费维度的阈值，例如参与不同形式赌博的情况、赌博的规律性或持续时间以及花费的金额。对于游戏，没有基于证据的消费建议。此外，在得出任何建议之前，对媒体内容的考量不能仅局限于纯使用时间，这一点至关重要。总体而言，建议的有效性取决于民众的认知和接受程度。
消费建议基于现有证据，必须持续审查和调整，如酒精消费的例子所示。行为建议必须以合适的形式传达，以便无偏差地被理解并为广大民众所接受。
