Alsarayrah Nosiba A, Mohamed Rafeezul, Omar Eshaifol A
Department of Toxicology, Advanced Medical and Dental Institute, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Bertam, 13200, Kepala Batas, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia.
Department of Biomedical Science, Advanced Medical and Dental Institute, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kepala Batas, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia.
Nat Prod Bioprospect. 2025 Sep 4;15(1):61. doi: 10.1007/s13659-025-00545-4.
Propolis, consisting of plant-derived materials, wax, and bee secretions, is abundant in bioactive constituents like flavonoids, phenolic compounds, and terpenes, which enhance its various biological functions. These encompass antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, anticancer, antidiabetic, and immunomodulatory properties. Propolis has demonstrated effectiveness in the prevention and treatment of multiple illnesses, including cardiovascular disease, atherosclerosis, infections, diabetes, wound healing, and burns. Its extensive health benefits endorse its application in medications, nutritional supplements, and cosmetics, where it is acknowledged as a safe and efficacious natural product. Propolis, whether utilized in its raw state, as extracts, or in conjunction with other products, exhibits considerable promise in alternative medicine and nutritional health. Propolis extracts are crucial to examine as a key component in health and wellness, offering prospective applications in disease prevention and therapeutic support Further research is necessary to clarify its molecular mechanisms, examine potential allergic reactions, and determine ideal dosages for various ages. This article provides a comprehensive comparative examination of various propolis types, emphasizing their distinct phytochemical contents and varying biological effects concurrently. It integrates results from both in vitro and in vivo investigations, enhancing the comprehension of health applications and mechanisms of action, grounded comparisons in pertinent prior studies.
蜂胶由植物源物质、蜡和蜜蜂分泌物组成，富含黄酮类化合物、酚类化合物和萜类等生物活性成分，这些成分增强了其多种生物学功能。这些功能包括抗氧化、抗炎、抗菌、抗癌、抗糖尿病和免疫调节特性。蜂胶已证明在预防和治疗多种疾病方面有效，包括心血管疾病、动脉粥样硬化、感染、糖尿病、伤口愈合和烧伤。其广泛的健康益处支持其在药物、营养补充剂和化妆品中的应用，在这些领域它被认为是一种安全有效的天然产品。蜂胶无论是以原始状态、提取物形式使用，还是与其他产品结合使用，在替代医学和营养健康方面都展现出巨大的潜力。蜂胶提取物作为健康和保健的关键成分进行研究至关重要，在疾病预防和治疗支持方面具有潜在应用前景。需要进一步研究以阐明其分子机制、检查潜在的过敏反应，并确定不同年龄段的理想剂量。本文对各种类型的蜂胶进行了全面的比较研究，同时强调了它们不同的植物化学成分和不同的生物学效应。它整合了体外和体内研究的结果，在相关先前研究的基础上进行有根据的比较，增强了对健康应用和作用机制的理解。
