Hamik Markus, Schindler Stefanie, Moshammer Hanns
Center for Public Health, Department of Environmental Health, Medical University of Vienna, Kinderspitalgasse 1, 1090, Vienna, Austria.
AGES-Austrian Agency for Health and Food Safety, Institute for Medical Microbiology and Hygiene Vienna, Department for National Reference Centers, Währinger Straße 25a, 1090, Vienna, Austria.
Wien Klin Wochenschr. 2025 Sep 5. doi: 10.1007/s00508-025-02609-4.
Environmental noise, particularly from road and railway traffic, has been identified as a significant public health concern. The World Health Organization (WHO) has highlighted the adverse effects of noise exposure on cardiovascular health, including ischemic heart disease (IHD). Despite the European Union's regulations on air pollution, there are no mandatory limits for environmental noise exposure, necessitating further investigation into its health impacts.
Noise exposure data were obtained from strategic noise maps and linked to Geographic Information System (GIS) data of Austrian buildings. Mortality data covering 5 years (1 Nov 2016 - 31 Oct 2021) were analyzed using Poisson regressions to evaluate the association between noise exposure at residential locations and mortality, specifically focusing on IHD. The analysis adjusted for age, sex, and noise bands, with sensitivity analyses to assess the robustness of the findings.
The study included 37,066,299 individuals, with 372,638 deaths recorded over 5 years. Higher noise bands were associated with increased incidence rate ratios (IRR) for IHD and all-cause mortality. The IRR for IHD increased by approximately 3% per 5 dB increase in noise levels. Sensitivity analyses confirmed the robustness of these findings, with stronger effects observed for railway traffic noise compared to road traffic noise.
The findings underscore the significant health impacts of transportation noise, particularly on cardiovascular mortality. These results support the need for stricter noise regulations and comprehensive health impact assessments to mitigate the adverse effects of environmental noise exposure in Austria.
环境噪声，尤其是来自道路和铁路交通的噪声，已被确认为一个重大的公共卫生问题。世界卫生组织（WHO）强调了噪声暴露对心血管健康的不利影响，包括缺血性心脏病（IHD）。尽管欧盟对空气污染有相关规定，但对于环境噪声暴露并没有强制性限制，因此有必要进一步调查其对健康的影响。
噪声暴露数据来自战略噪声地图，并与奥地利建筑物的地理信息系统（GIS）数据相关联。使用泊松回归分析了涵盖5年（2016年11月1日至2021年10月31日）的死亡率数据，以评估居住地点的噪声暴露与死亡率之间的关联，特别关注缺血性心脏病。分析对年龄、性别和噪声频段进行了调整，并进行了敏感性分析以评估研究结果的稳健性。
该研究纳入了37,066,299人，5年内记录了372,638例死亡。较高的噪声频段与缺血性心脏病和全因死亡率的发病率比值（IRR）增加相关。噪声水平每增加5分贝，缺血性心脏病的发病率比值增加约3%。敏感性分析证实了这些结果的稳健性，与道路交通噪声相比，铁路交通噪声的影响更强。
研究结果强调了交通噪声对健康的重大影响，特别是对心血管死亡率的影响。这些结果支持需要更严格的噪声法规和全面的健康影响评估，以减轻奥地利环境噪声暴露的不利影响。
