Tzionis Antonis, Artymatas Giorgos, Kyratzis Angelos C, Dimitriadi Stavroula, Tsolakidou Maria-Dimitra, Pantelides Iakovos S
Department of Agricultural Sciences, Biotechnology and Food Science, Cyprus University of Technology, 3603, Lemesos, Cyprus.
Vegetable Crop Sector, Agricultural Research Institute-Ministry of Agriculture, Rural Development and Environment, 1516, Nicosia, Cyprus.
Planta. 2025 Sep 8;262(4):99. doi: 10.1007/s00425-025-04818-7.
Cypriot tomato landraces exhibit partial resistance to Fusarium wilt through distinct jasmonic and salicylic acid-mediated immune responses, offering promising genetic resources for breeding durable tomato cultivars. Fusarium wilt, caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici (Fol), is a major constraint on global tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) production, with few sustainable control measures available. This study assessed six Cypriot tomato landraces for resistance to Fol and explored the mechanisms underlying their defense. Pathogenicity assays under controlled growth conditions identified two landraces, ARI00732 and ARI00733, with partial resistance and improved growth performance compared to the susceptible cultivar Ailsa Craig. A second pathogenicity trial using sterilized and non-sterilized soils revealed no significant contribution of soil microbiota, suggesting intrinsic plant defenses as the primary mechanism. In vitro assays showed that root exudates from these landraces neither inhibited Fol growth nor altered fungal chemotropism. Gene expression analysis revealed distinct defense strategies: ARI00732 displayed strong induction of jasmonic acid (JA)-responsive genes (MYC2, LoxD, PDF1.2), whereas ARI00733 upregulated salicylic acid (SA)-associated Pti5 gene and the antioxidant defense gene APX1. These findings demonstrate that complementary JA- and SA-mediated pathways contribute to resistance. This work highlights the potential of tomato landraces as a source of durable resistance traits and provides a foundation for breeding programs targeting Fusarium wilt.
塞浦路斯番茄地方品种通过独特的茉莉酸和水杨酸介导的免疫反应对枯萎病表现出部分抗性，为培育持久抗病的番茄品种提供了有前景的遗传资源。由尖孢镰刀菌番茄专化型（Fol）引起的枯萎病是全球番茄（Solanum lycopersicum）生产的主要限制因素，可用的可持续控制措施很少。本研究评估了六个塞浦路斯番茄地方品种对Fol的抗性，并探索了其防御机制。在可控生长条件下进行的致病性测定确定了两个地方品种ARI00732和ARI00733，与感病品种艾尔莎·克雷格相比，它们具有部分抗性且生长性能有所改善。使用灭菌和未灭菌土壤进行的第二次致病性试验表明，土壤微生物群没有显著作用，表明植物的内在防御是主要机制。体外试验表明，这些地方品种的根系分泌物既不抑制Fol的生长，也不改变真菌的向化性。基因表达分析揭示了不同的防御策略：ARI00732表现出茉莉酸（JA）响应基因（MYC2、LoxD、PDF1.2）的强烈诱导，而ARI00733上调了水杨酸（SA）相关的Pti5基因和抗氧化防御基因APX1。这些发现表明，互补的JA和SA介导途径有助于抗性。这项工作突出了番茄地方品种作为持久抗性性状来源的潜力，并为针对枯萎病的育种计划提供了基础。
