Beers Sonja, de van der Schueren Marian A E, Grootswagers Pol, van de Rest Ondine, Waterink Lisa, Sikkes Sietske A M, Deckers Kay, Soons Lion M, Claassen Jurgen A H R, Smidt Nynke, van der Flier Wiesje M, Köhler Sebastian, Aarts Esther, Vermeiren Yannick, de Groot Lisette Cpgm
Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands; Department of Nutrition, Dietetics and Lifestyle, HAN University of Applied Sciences, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
J Nutr Health Aging. 2025 Sep 8;29(11):100680. doi: 10.1016/j.jnha.2025.100680.
This study examined the association between adherence to the Dutch MIND diet (Mediterranean-DASH Intervention for Neurodegenerative Delay, MIND-NL) and the Dutch dietary guidelines (DHD2015-index) with global cognitive function in older adults at risk of cognitive decline.
A cross-sectional study was conducted using baseline data of the FINGER-NL trial.
A total of 1,135 older adults, aged 60-80 years, at risk for cognitive decline with complete dietary data and complete neuropsychological tests were included in the analyses.
A validated 72-item Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ) was used to assess adherence to the dietary patterns. Global cognitive function was assessed by calculating a composite score based on four subtests of a neuropsychological test battery. Multiple linear regression analyses, adjusted for age, sex, education level, socioeconomic status (SES), body mass index (BMI), physical activity level, smoking status, and cardiovascular risk factors, were applied to examine potential associations between MIND-NL diet score and global cognitive function, and between DHD2015-index and global cognitive function. Interaction and subsequent subgroup analyses were conducted based on age, sex, education, SES, and physical activity. Explorative network analyses were applied to identify links between individual dietary intake components and global cognitive function.
The median [IQR] age of the participants was 67 [64-71] years. Overall, neither the MIND-NL diet nor the DHD2015-index was associated with the global cognition composite score (β = 0.014, 95%CI: -0.016, 0.045, p = 0.35 and β = 0.003, 95%CI: -0.000, 0.006, p = 0.07, respectively). The association between MIND-NL diet score and global cognition was moderated by age (p = 0.06), with adults under 70 years of age showing a positive trend. Although no significant interaction was noted (p = 0.28), an association was found between DHD2015-index and global cognition in participants aged under 70 years (β = 0.004, 95%CI: 0.000, 0.008, p = 0.048). Dietary intake of fruiting vegetables and vitamin E were positively correlated with global cognitive function.
In this study, adherence to the Dutch dietary guidelines was associated with better global cognitive function among older adults under the age of 70 years at risk of cognitive decline. Future research aims at investigating longitudinal associations and confirming the moderating effect of age.
本研究探讨了坚持荷兰MIND饮食法（地中海-得舒饮食法对神经退行性疾病的干预，MIND-NL）和荷兰饮食指南（DHD2015指数）与认知功能衰退风险较高的老年人的整体认知功能之间的关联。
使用FINGER-NL试验的基线数据进行了一项横断面研究。
共有1135名年龄在60-80岁、有认知功能衰退风险且具备完整饮食数据和完整神经心理学测试结果的老年人纳入分析。
使用经过验证的72项食物频率问卷（FFQ）评估对饮食模式的依从性。通过基于神经心理测试组合的四个子测试计算综合得分来评估整体认知功能。应用多元线性回归分析，对年龄、性别、教育水平、社会经济地位（SES）、体重指数（BMI）、身体活动水平、吸烟状况和心血管危险因素进行调整，以检验MIND-NL饮食得分与整体认知功能之间以及DHD2015指数与整体认知功能之间的潜在关联。基于年龄、性别、教育程度、SES和身体活动进行交互作用及后续亚组分析。应用探索性网络分析来识别个体饮食摄入成分与整体认知功能之间的联系。
参与者的年龄中位数[四分位间距]为67[64-71]岁。总体而言，MIND-NL饮食法和DHD2015指数均与整体认知综合得分无关（β = 0.014，95%置信区间：-0.016，0.045，p = 0.35；β = 0.003，95%置信区间：-0.000，0.006，p = 0.07）。MIND-NL饮食得分与整体认知之间的关联受年龄调节（p = 0.06），70岁以下成年人呈现出正相关趋势。虽然未发现显著的交互作用（p = 0.28），但在70岁以下参与者中发现DHD2015指数与整体认知之间存在关联（β = 0.004，95%置信区间：0.000，0.008，p = 0.048）。结果显示，食用果蔬和维生素E的摄入量与整体认知功能呈正相关。
在本研究中，坚持荷兰饮食指南与认知功能衰退风险较高的70岁以下老年人更好的整体认知功能相关。未来的研究旨在调查纵向关联并确认年龄的调节作用。
