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足月儿和早产儿新生儿期口腔微生物组变化的纵向分析。

Longitudinal analysis of oral microbiome changes during the neonatal period in full-term and preterm newborns.

作者信息

Lee Taeyang, Kim Hyun-Yi, Han Jung Ho, Shin Jeong Eun, Song Na-Young, Chung Won-Yoon, Kang Chung-Min

机构信息

Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Republic of Korea.

Oral Science Research Center, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Republic of Korea.

出版信息

J Oral Microbiol. 2025 Sep 6;17(1):2555575. doi: 10.1080/20002297.2025.2555575. eCollection 2025.

DOI:10.1080/20002297.2025.2555575
PMID:40927664
原文链接:https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12416025/
Abstract

BACKGROUND

The neonatal period is critical for oral microbiome establishment, but temporal patterns in preterm newborns remain unclear. This study examined longitudinal microbiome changes in full-term and preterm newborns and assessed perinatal and clinical influences.

METHODS

Oral swabs were collected from 98 newborns (23 full-term, 75 preterm). Samples were obtained at birth and Day 2 for full-term, and at birth, Day 7, and Day 28 for preterm newborns. 16S rRNA gene sequencing was used to analyze microbial diversity, taxonomic shifts, and virulence-related genes.

RESULTS

Preterm newborns showed persistently lower α-diversity and delayed succession compared with full-term newborns. Full-term infants transitioned rapidly from Proteobacteria-dominant to Firmicutes- and Actinobacteria-rich communities, while preterm infants maintained Proteobacteria longer. Diversity in preterm newborns was significantly affected by gestational age, birthweight, delivery mode, feeding type, and β-lactam exposure. Breastfeeding supported more stable diversity, whereas cesarean delivery and formula feeding reduced diversity. Functional profiling revealed greater abundance of virulence-associated genes in preterm newborns, suggesting differences in early host-microbe interactions. .

CONCLUSIONS

Preterm newborns exhibit delayed oral microbiome development, influenced by multiple modifiable factors. Supportive strategies, such as breastfeeding and prudent antibiotic use, may help foster microbial stability and potentially reduce infection risk in this vulnerable population.

摘要

背景

新生儿期对于口腔微生物群的建立至关重要，但早产儿口腔微生物群的时间变化模式仍不清楚。本研究调查了足月儿和早产儿口腔微生物群的纵向变化，并评估了围产期和临床因素的影响。

方法

从98名新生儿（23名足月儿，75名早产儿）中采集口腔拭子。足月儿在出生时和第2天采集样本，早产儿在出生时、第7天和第28天采集样本。采用16S rRNA基因测序分析微生物多样性、分类学变化和毒力相关基因。

结果

与足月儿相比，早产儿的α多样性持续较低，演替延迟。足月儿从以变形菌为主的群落迅速过渡到富含厚壁菌和放线菌的群落，而早产儿的变形菌维持时间更长。早产儿的多样性受胎龄、出生体重、分娩方式、喂养类型和β-内酰胺暴露的显著影响。母乳喂养有助于维持更稳定的多样性，而剖宫产和配方奶喂养则降低了多样性。功能分析显示早产儿中与毒力相关的基因丰度更高，这表明早期宿主-微生物相互作用存在差异。

结论

早产儿口腔微生物群发育延迟，受多种可改变因素影响。母乳喂养和谨慎使用抗生素等支持性策略可能有助于促进微生物稳定性，并可能降低这一脆弱人群的感染风险。

https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/d624/12416025/81f327fbd2fd/ZJOM_A_2555575_F0005_OC.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/d624/12416025/8ac959191b43/ZJOM_A_2555575_F0001_OC.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/d624/12416025/f88e8d7d757a/ZJOM_A_2555575_F0002_OC.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/d624/12416025/0fe910c875a9/ZJOM_A_2555575_F0003_OC.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/d624/12416025/a52ce2461053/ZJOM_A_2555575_F0004_OC.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/d624/12416025/81f327fbd2fd/ZJOM_A_2555575_F0005_OC.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/d624/12416025/8ac959191b43/ZJOM_A_2555575_F0001_OC.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/d624/12416025/f88e8d7d757a/ZJOM_A_2555575_F0002_OC.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/d624/12416025/0fe910c875a9/ZJOM_A_2555575_F0003_OC.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/d624/12416025/a52ce2461053/ZJOM_A_2555575_F0004_OC.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/d624/12416025/81f327fbd2fd/ZJOM_A_2555575_F0005_OC.jpg

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