Genome-Wide Identification of the Glycosyl Hydrolase Family 1 Genes in L. and Functional Characterization of .

The β-glucosidases (BGLUs) of Glycoside Hydrolase Family 1 (GH1) exhibit essential functions in plant secondary metabolism and stress responses, mediated by their dual catalytic capabilities in hydrolysis and transglycosylation. This study identified 149 BGLU family members within ( L.), which were systematically categorized into 10 distinct subgroups. Subsequent characterization encompassed detailed examination of their motif composition, chromosomal distribution, gene collinearity, selection pressure, and expression profiling. Transient overexpression of in (), combined with untargeted metabolomics analysis, revealed pronounced modulatory effects on the degradation and accumulation of β-glucosidic compounds, suggesting potential roles of the protein encoded by in metabolic homeostasis and stress response mechanisms. These experimental results first validated the bidirectional catalytic activity of a BGLU enzyme in , while simultaneously advancing fundamental understanding of gene functions and providing new insights for developing stress-resistant rapeseed cultivars through targeted genetic improvement.