Sergazy Shynggys, Berikkhanova Kulzhan, Gulyayev Alexandr, Shulgau Zarina, Maikenova Assiya, Bilal Ruslan, Terzic Milan, Zhumadilov Zhaxybay, Aljofan Mohamad
National Laboratory Astana, Nazarbayev University, Astana 010000, Kazakhstan.
School of Medicine, Nazarbayev University, Astana 010000, Kazakhstan.
Int J Mol Sci. 2025 Aug 22;26(17):8143. doi: 10.3390/ijms26178143.
Significant progress has been made in developing cell-based drug delivery systems that utilize the intrinsic biological properties of various cell types-erythrocytes, leukocytes, platelets, stem cells, and even spermatozoa-to improve drug targeting, bioavailability, and biocompatibility. This review presents an integrative analysis of the latest advances in cell-based drug delivery systems, focusing on their design, pharmacokinetics, cellular interactions, and therapeutic potential. We specifically focus on hybrid microrobots and membrane-coated nanocarriers as emerging biohybrid platforms. Despite these advances, translation to the clinical phase remains constrained by persistent limitations, such as immune clearance, loss of membrane integrity during cargo loading, limited tissue penetration of carrier cells, and manufacturing challenges. Finally, we highlight future directions, including CAR-cell combinations and artificial cell engineering, that promise to expand the clinical utility of cell-based drug delivery systems in oncology, infectious diseases, and regenerative medicine.
在开发基于细胞的药物递送系统方面已取得重大进展，该系统利用各种细胞类型（红细胞、白细胞、血小板、干细胞，甚至精子）的内在生物学特性来改善药物靶向性、生物利用度和生物相容性。本综述对基于细胞的药物递送系统的最新进展进行了综合分析，重点关注其设计、药代动力学、细胞相互作用和治疗潜力。我们特别关注混合微型机器人和膜包被纳米载体作为新兴的生物杂交平台。尽管取得了这些进展，但向临床阶段的转化仍然受到持续存在的限制，如免疫清除、载药过程中膜完整性的丧失、载体细胞的组织穿透有限以及制造挑战。最后，我们强调了未来的方向，包括嵌合抗原受体（CAR）细胞组合和人工细胞工程，有望扩大基于细胞的药物递送系统在肿瘤学、传染病和再生医学中的临床应用。
