Ma Zhongzheng, Ren Jingru, Liu Qianqian, Li Jingjing, Zhao Haoqin, Tibesigwa Dativa Gosbert, Matola Sophia Hydarry, Gulfam Tabeer, Yang Jingli, Wang Fude
State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China.
Institute of Forestry Science of Heilongjiang Province, Harbin 150081, China.
Int J Mol Sci. 2025 Sep 4;26(17):8591. doi: 10.3390/ijms26178591.
In the context of global climate change and efforts toward "carbon peak and carbon neutrality," forest resource protection and restoration have become fundamental to ecological civilization. The genetic improvement of trees, as the primary component of forest ecosystems, holds strategic importance for ecological security, resource supply, and carbon neutrality. Traditional tree breeding techniques, including selective and hybrid breeding, have established robust technical systems through extensive practice. However, these methods face limitations such as extended cycles, reduced efficiency, and constrained genetic gains in meeting contemporary requirements. Modern biotechnologies, including genomic selection (GS), gene editing (CRISPR/Cas9), and marker-assisted selection (MAS), substantially enhance the precision and efficiency of genetic improvement. Nevertheless, exclusive reliance on either traditional or modern methods proves insufficient for addressing complex environmental adaptation and rapid breeding requirements. Consequently, the integration of traditional breeding with modern biotechnology to develop intelligent, sustainable, and efficient breeding strategies has emerged as a central focus in tree genetics and breeding. An integrated "step-by-step" approach warrants promotion, supported by a multi-source data sharing platform, an optimized core germplasm repository, and a "climate-soil-genotype" matching model to facilitate the region-specific deployment of improved varieties.
在全球气候变化以及“碳达峰、碳中和”的背景下，森林资源保护与恢复已成为生态文明建设的根本。树木遗传改良作为森林生态系统的主要组成部分，对生态安全、资源供应和碳中和具有战略重要性。传统的树木育种技术，包括选择育种和杂交育种，通过广泛实践建立了完善的技术体系。然而，这些方法存在诸如周期长、效率低以及在满足当代需求方面遗传增益受限等局限性。现代生物技术，包括基因组选择（GS）、基因编辑（CRISPR/Cas9）和分子标记辅助选择（MAS），显著提高了遗传改良的精度和效率。尽管如此，单纯依靠传统方法或现代方法都不足以应对复杂的环境适应性和快速育种需求。因此，将传统育种与现代生物技术相结合，制定智能、可持续且高效的育种策略，已成为树木遗传育种的核心关注点。一种综合的“循序渐进”方法值得推广，该方法由多源数据共享平台、优化的核心种质库以及“气候 - 土壤 - 基因型”匹配模型提供支持，以促进改良品种的区域化部署。
