Jutzi Chiara Annika, Willardt Robin, Klackl Johannes, Stollberg Janine, Reiss Stefan, Jonas Eva
University of Salzburg, Austria.
ETH Zürich, Switzerland.
Int Rev Soc Psychol. 2023 Dec 28;36:18. doi: 10.5334/irsp.792. eCollection 2023.
In this review, we analyse the Covid-19 pandemic in the light of the General Process Model of Threat and Defense (GPMTD; Jonas et al., 2014) and describe motivational and affective consequences resulting from the psychological threat elicited by the pandemic: Covid-19 did not only abruptly change everyday life, but also confronted people with existential questions. This led to the experience of discrepancies that people could not resolve, triggering an aversive state of anxious inhibition. People were motivated to overcome this anxiety using defensive behaviours that re-establish approach motivation. Such defensive behaviours include conspiratorial thinking and increased ingroup support. While describing the pandemic, we review evidence in favour and against the model to develop concrete suggestions to effectively promote non-destructive reactions to manage affective-motivational challenges resulting from the pandemic. In a final outlook, we conclude that the evidence generated may be used to analyse and react to future crises and their related psychological threats.
在本综述中，我们根据威胁与防御通用过程模型（GPMTD；乔纳斯等人，2014年）分析了新冠疫情，并描述了该疫情引发的心理威胁所导致的动机和情感后果：新冠疫情不仅突然改变了日常生活，还让人们面临生存问题。这导致了人们无法解决的差异体验，引发了焦虑抑制的厌恶状态。人们被激励通过重新建立趋近动机的防御行为来克服这种焦虑。此类防御行为包括阴谋论思维和增强的内群体支持。在描述疫情的同时，我们审视了支持和反对该模型的证据，以提出具体建议，有效地促进对疫情引发的情感动机挑战的非破坏性反应。在最后的展望中，我们得出结论，所产生的证据可用于分析未来危机及其相关心理威胁并做出反应。
