Ghareeb Rehab Y, Gomaa M A, Abd El-Latif Hany S A, Kandil Essam E
Plant Protection and Biomolecular Diagnosis Department, Arid Lands Cultivation Research Institute, City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications (SRTA-City), New Borg El Arab, Alexandria, 21934, Egypt.
Plant Production Departments, Faculty of Agriculture (Saba Basha), Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt.
BMC Plant Biol. 2025 Sep 16;25(1):1204. doi: 10.1186/s12870-025-07148-8.
The most important food legume crop in Egypt and worldwide is the faba bean (Vicia faba L.), which has the potential to greatly improve agricultural sustainability by providing benefits such as higher grain yields, product diversification, and better nutritional value. It accounts for nearly 90% of the world's faba bean production. These long-season faba bean crops are very vulnerable to damage from root-knot nematodes (RKNs), the main threat to vegetable farming. This study aimed to assess how RKN damage affects faba bean production in Egypt's climate, considering different planting dates and cultivars, as well as the effects these factors have on the plants' natural immunity against Meloidogyne incognita. Two field experiments were carried out on sandy soil in Egypt's North Delta during the 2021-2022 and 2022-2023 seasons to study how three faba bean cultivars (Nubaria 1, Giza 716, and Giza 843) respond to three planting dates under drip irrigation when infected with nematodes. A split-plot design with three replications was used. In both seasons, the three faba bean varieties (Nubaria 1, Giza 716, and Giza 843) were randomly assigned within the subplots, while the main plots included planting dates of October 1, October 15, and November 1.
Data on RKN population density and gall index were collected to evaluate the severity of Meloidogyne incognita and to detect other types of nematodes. The three examined cultivars exhibited mild to moderate M. incognita infections, alongside slight infections of Xiphinema sp. and P. brachyurus during the 2021-2022 seasons, with 80% of the roots galled. In contrast, during the 2022-2023 growing season, RKN damage was unaffected by the planting dates. However, delaying the planting date from October 15 to November 1 increased RKN population densities in the 2021-2022 season, as well as resulted in increases in plant height, total chlorophyll content, and shading percentage of faba bean plants. Additionally, on October 15, the plant immune system appeared to activate against plant-parasitic nematodes through the up-regulation of antioxidant enzymes and increased glucanase and chitinase (PPO, POD, and PR3).
According to our findings, the tested faba bean cultivars Giza 716 and Giza 843 are highly vulnerable to RKN, which raises concerns about the potential harm RKN could cause to commercial faba bean production and underscores the necessity of managing RKN. However, it can be asserted that fewer nematodes will infect faba beans once Nubaria 1 is planted in Egypt in mid-October.
蚕豆（Vicia faba L.）是埃及乃至全球最重要的食用豆类作物，它具有通过提高谷物产量、产品多样化和更好的营养价值等优势，极大地提升农业可持续性的潜力。埃及的蚕豆产量占世界蚕豆总产量的近90%。这些生长周期长的蚕豆作物极易受到根结线虫（RKNs）的侵害，根结线虫是蔬菜种植的主要威胁。本研究旨在评估在埃及的气候条件下，根结线虫的危害如何影响蚕豆产量，同时考虑不同的播种日期和品种，以及这些因素对植物抵抗南方根结线虫的天然免疫力的影响。在2021 - 2022年和2022 - 2023年期间，在埃及北三角洲的沙质土壤上进行了两项田间试验，以研究三个蚕豆品种（努巴里亚1号、吉萨716和吉萨843）在滴灌条件下，感染线虫时对三个播种日期的响应。试验采用裂区设计，重复三次。在两个季节中，三个蚕豆品种（努巴里亚1号、吉萨716和吉萨843）在副区内随机分配，而主区包括10月1日、10月15日和11月1日的播种日期。
收集了根结线虫种群密度和虫瘿指数数据，以评估南方根结线虫的危害程度，并检测其他类型的线虫。在2021 - 2022年季节，三个受试品种表现出轻度至中度的南方根结线虫感染，同时伴有少量剑线虫属和短体线虫的感染，80%的根系出现虫瘿。相比之下，在2022 - 2023年生长季节，根结线虫的危害不受播种日期的影响。然而，在2021 - 2022年季节，将播种日期从10月15日推迟到11月1日会增加根结线虫的种群密度，同时还会导致蚕豆植株高度、总叶绿素含量和遮荫率增加。此外，在10月15日，植物免疫系统似乎通过上调抗氧化酶以及增加葡聚糖酶和几丁质酶（PPO、POD和PR3）来激活对植物寄生线虫的防御。
根据我们的研究结果，受试的蚕豆品种吉萨716和吉萨843极易受到根结线虫的侵害，这引发了对根结线虫可能对商业蚕豆生产造成潜在危害的担忧，并强调了管理根结线虫的必要性。然而，可以断言，一旦在10月中旬在埃及种植努巴里亚1号，感染蚕豆的线虫数量将会减少。
