Plant Protection and Biomolecular Diagnosis Department, Arid Lands Cultivation Research Institute (ALCRI), City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications (SARTA, City), Alexandria, Egypt.
Agricultural Microbiology, Agricultural Botany Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Kafrelsheikh University, 33516, Kafr El-Sheikh, Egypt.
BMC Plant Biol. 2024 Feb 15;24(1):110. doi: 10.1186/s12870-024-04760-y.
The utilization of Trichoderma longibrachiatum filtrate as a safe biocontrol method for producing zinc nanoparticles is a promising approach for managing pests and diseases in agricultural crops. The identification of Trichoderma sp. was achieved through PCR amplification and sequencing of 18s as ON203115, while the synthesis of ZnO-NPs was accomplished by employing Trichoderma filtration. The presence of ZnO-NPs was confirmed by observing a color change to dark green, along with the use of visible and UV spectrophotometers, and the formation and chemical structure of ZnO-NPs were examined. Direct exposure to ZnO-NPs exhibited a significant inhibitory effect on the growth of Fusarium oxysporum at 80.73% compared with control. Also, the percent mortality of Meloidogyne incognita second juveniles stage (J2s) results showed 11.82%, 37.63%, 40.86%, and 89.65% after 6, 12, 24, and 72 h, respectively in vitro. Disease resistance was assessed in the greenhouse against M. incognita and F. oxysporum using the drench application of ZnO-NPs. The application of ZnO-NPs significantly reduced the disease severity of F. oxysporum and improved the quality and quantity of sweet pepper yield. In addition, the application of ZnO-NPs to M. incognita resulted in a significant reduction in the number of nematode galls, egg masses per root, eggs/egg mass, and females by 98%, 99%, 99.9%, and 95.5% respectively.Furthermore, it was observed that the application of ZnO-NPs to pepper plants not only inhibited the growth of F. oxysporum and M. incognita, but also promoted the recovery of pepper plants as indicated by improvements in stem length by 106%, root length 102%, fresh weight 112%, root fresh weight 107%, and leaf area 118% compared to healthy control plants. Additionally, real-time PCR application and DD-PCR technique revealed that the application of ZnO-NPs stimulated the secretion of certain enzymes. These findings suggest that the biosynthesized ZnO-NPs possess anti-nematode and antifungal properties, making them effective for protecting plants against M. incognita and F. oxysporum invasion in soil. This study significantly contributes to our understanding of the nematicidal and fungicidal activities of ZnO-NPs in suppressing soil-borne diseases.
利用长枝木霉滤液作为一种安全的生物防治方法来生产锌纳米粒子，是一种有前途的管理农业作物病虫害的方法。通过 ON203115 的 PCR 扩增和 18s 测序鉴定出木霉属，而 ZnO-NPs 的合成则通过使用木霉过滤来完成。通过观察颜色变为深绿色，以及使用可见和紫外分光光度计，来确认 ZnO-NPs 的存在，并且检查了 ZnO-NPs 的形成和化学结构。与对照相比，直接暴露于 ZnO-NPs 对尖孢镰刀菌的生长表现出显著的抑制作用，抑制率为 80.73%。此外，在体外，Meloidogyne incognita 第二代幼虫（J2）的死亡率结果分别为 6、12、24 和 72 h 后为 11.82%、37.63%、40.86%和 89.65%。在温室中，通过灌根应用 ZnO-NPs 来评估对 M. incognita 和 F. oxysporum 的抗性。应用 ZnO-NPs 显著降低了 F. oxysporum 的严重程度，提高了甜椒产量的质量和数量。此外，将 ZnO-NPs 应用于 M. incognita 导致线虫瘤、每根根的卵块、卵/卵块和雌性数量分别减少 98%、99%、99.9%和 95.5%。此外，观察到 ZnO-NPs 不仅抑制了 F. oxysporum 和 M. incognita 的生长，而且还促进了辣椒植物的恢复，与健康对照植物相比，茎长增加 106%、根长增加 102%、鲜重增加 112%、根鲜重增加 107%和叶面积增加 118%。此外，实时 PCR 应用和 DD-PCR 技术显示，应用 ZnO-NPs 刺激了某些酶的分泌。这些发现表明，生物合成的 ZnO-NPs 具有抗线虫和抗真菌特性，使其成为有效保护植物免受 M. incognita 和 F. oxysporum 入侵土壤的方法。这项研究极大地促进了我们对 ZnO-NPs 在抑制土壤传播疾病中的杀线虫和杀菌活性的理解。
