Li Shuairan, Yang Jielin, Mi Jing, Li Yue
Sports Coaching College, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China.
School of Physical Education, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China.
PeerJ. 2025 Sep 12;13:e19983. doi: 10.7717/peerj.19983. eCollection 2025.
In basketball, fatigue is a prevalent physiological state that significantly influences shooting mechanics. This study discusses the difference of kinematic parameters of mid-range and long-range basketball players before and after the onset of fatigue, providing a comprehensive analysis of how fatigue affects shooting performance at these distances.
This study involved 12 collegiate male basketball players of at least level I athlete status. Blood lactate levels, subjective exercise fatigue scores, and heart rate variability were used as indices for assessing fatigue. Kinematic data during basketball shooting were collected by inertia motion capture system (Xsens technologies BV, The Netherlands) and a high-speed camera (Sony, Tokyo, Japan). Differences in kinematic parameters between pre- and fatigue conditions during middle and long-range shooting were analyzed using a paired sample T-test.
After fatigue, the shooting percentage of middle distance had no significant decrease compared with that before fatigue ( > 0.05), while the shooting percentage of long distance had a significant decrease ( < 0.05). In the fatigue state, significant decreases in the angular velocity of the wrist ( < 0.01) and elbow ( < 0.05) were recorded, while an increase was noted in the knee joint's angular velocity ( < 0.05). For long-range shots, there was a significant reduction in wrist angular velocity ( < 0.01), with marked increases in the angular velocities of the ankle ( < 0.01), knee ( < 0.01), and elbow ( < 0.05).
Fatigue has no significant effect on the shooting percentages for mid-range jump shots among elite collegiate athletes; however, it substantially reduced the success rate of long-range jump shots. This decline in performance led to reductions in both the shooting angle and incident angle, as well as the extension of shooting time. Fatigue can compromise the effectiveness of force transfer from the lower to upper extremities. Long-distance shooting requires exceptional lower limb explosive power and precise neuromuscular synchronization.
在篮球运动中，疲劳是一种普遍存在的生理状态，会对投篮技术产生重大影响。本研究探讨了中距离和远距离篮球运动员在疲劳状态前后运动学参数的差异，全面分析了疲劳如何影响这些距离的投篮表现。
本研究涉及12名至少具有一级运动员水平的大学男子篮球运动员。血乳酸水平、主观运动疲劳评分和心率变异性被用作评估疲劳的指标。篮球投篮过程中的运动学数据通过惯性运动捕捉系统（荷兰Xsens技术公司）和高速摄像机（日本东京索尼公司）收集。使用配对样本T检验分析中距离和远距离投篮在疲劳前和疲劳状态下运动学参数的差异。
疲劳后，中距离投篮命中率与疲劳前相比无显著下降（P>0.05），而远距离投篮命中率显著下降（P<0.05）。在疲劳状态下，手腕角速度（P<0.01）和肘部角速度（P<0.05）显著下降，而膝关节角速度增加（P<0.05）。对于远距离投篮，手腕角速度显著降低（P<0.01），踝关节（P<0.01）、膝关节（P<0.01）和肘部角速度显著增加（P<0.05）。
疲劳对精英大学运动员中距离跳投的命中率没有显著影响；然而，它显著降低了远距离跳投的成功率。这种表现下降导致投篮角度和入射角减小，以及投篮时间延长。疲劳会损害从下肢到上肢的力量传递效果。远距离投篮需要出色的下肢爆发力和精确的神经肌肉同步。
