Wang Tengyu, Chen Xindi, Yan Xu, Su Ya, Gao Wa, Liu Chunxia, Wang Wenlong
Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment Technology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China.
National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.
Front Vet Sci. 2025 Sep 4;12:1663577. doi: 10.3389/fvets.2025.1663577. eCollection 2025.
Internal parasitic infections are a persistent challenge for horse owners, in the absence of effective vaccines and the growing challenge of drug resistance, leading many researchers to view current control strategies as unsustainable. Despite slow progress over the past two decades, effective parasitic diagnosis remains crucial for controlling infections and preventing the growing issue of drug resistance. This review examines the research progress in serological and molecular biological diagnostic methods for major equine parasites. Currently, most diagnostic techniques are based on genes such as ITS1, ITS2, COI, and IGS, which have been applied to equine strongylids, including spp., spp., and spp. These methods are particularly suitable for large-scale epidemiological studies and rapid species identification. Although many diagnostic methods have been developed, most remain confined to laboratory research and have seldom been used for real-time field diagnostics. Future research should prioritize precise diagnostic methods and clinically applicable alternatives. Additionally, whole genome sequencing has been widely used in eukaryotes for population genetics and the development of diagnostic markers. However, comprehensive genomic data on parasitic species infecting equines is still limited. With the decrease in sequencing costs in the post-genomic era, a growing number of genome assemblies are expected to be released soon. These genome maps will offer comprehensive genomic data to identify specific genetic markers and variations associated with parasitic infections, enabling more accurate and reliable diagnostic techniques. High-throughput sequencing technologies will significantly accelerate progress in equine parasitology research and the development of diagnostic tools like enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and TaqMan quantitative PCR (qPCR). At the same time, this paper also provides some insights into the research direction of sustainable control programs and equine parasite diagnostic methods.
在缺乏有效疫苗以及耐药性挑战日益严峻的情况下，体内寄生虫感染一直是马主面临的一大难题，这使得许多研究人员认为当前的控制策略难以持续。尽管在过去二十年中进展缓慢，但有效的寄生虫诊断对于控制感染和防止耐药性问题的日益严重仍然至关重要。本综述探讨了主要马寄生虫血清学和分子生物学诊断方法的研究进展。目前，大多数诊断技术基于ITS1、ITS2、COI和IGS等基因，这些基因已应用于马圆线虫，包括 属、 属和 属。这些方法特别适用于大规模流行病学研究和快速物种鉴定。虽然已经开发了许多诊断方法，但大多数仍局限于实验室研究，很少用于实时现场诊断。未来的研究应优先考虑精确的诊断方法和临床适用的替代方法。此外，全基因组测序已在真核生物中广泛用于群体遗传学和诊断标志物的开发。然而，关于感染马的寄生虫物种的全面基因组数据仍然有限。随着后基因组时代测序成本的降低，预计很快会发布越来越多的基因组组装体。这些基因组图谱将提供全面的基因组数据，以识别与寄生虫感染相关的特定遗传标志物和变异，从而实现更准确、可靠的诊断技术。高通量测序技术将显著加速马寄生虫学研究的进展以及酶联免疫吸附测定（ELISA）和TaqMan定量PCR（qPCR）等诊断工具的开发。同时，本文还对可持续控制计划和马寄生虫诊断方法的研究方向提供了一些见解。
