Kaissar Fatima Zohra, Bouacem Khelifa, Benine Mohammed Lamine, Mechri Sondes, Sharma Shubha Rani, Singh Vishal Kumar, Bakli Mahfoud, Lebouachera Seif El Islam, Emiliani Giovanni
Synthesis of Environmental Information Laboratory (LSIE), Djillali Liabes University, Sidi Bel Abbes 22000, Algeria.
Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology (LCMB), Microbiology Team, Faculty of Biological Sciences (FSB), University of Sciences and Technology Houari Boumediene (USTHB), Bab Ezzouar, Algiers 16000, Algeria.
BioTech (Basel). 2025 Sep 19;14(3):74. doi: 10.3390/biotech14030074.
Pectins are high-value plant cell-wall polysaccharides with extensive applications in the food, pharmaceutical, textile, paper, and environmental sectors. Traditional extraction and processing methodologies rely heavily on harsh acids, high temperatures, and non-renewable solvents, generating substantial environmental and economic costs. This review consolidates recent advances across the entire -pectinase value chain, from green pectin extraction and upstream substrate characterization, through process and statistical optimization of enzyme production, to industrial biocatalysis applications. We propose a practical roadmap for developing high-efficiency, low-environmental-footprint enzyme systems that support circular bioeconomy objectives. Critical evaluation of optimization strategies, including submerged versus solid-state fermentation, response surface methodology, artificial neural networks, and design of experiments, is supported by comparative data on strain performance, fermentation parameters, and industrial titers. Sector-specific case studies demonstrate the efficacy of pectinases in fruit-juice clarification, textile bio-scouring, paper bio-bleaching, bio-based detergents, coffee and tea processing, oil extraction, animal feed enhancement, wastewater treatment, and plant-virus purification. Remaining challenges, including enzyme stability in complex matrices, techno-economic scale-up, and structure-guided protein engineering, are identified. Future directions are charted toward CRISPR-driven enzyme design and fully integrated circular-economy bioprocessing platforms.
果胶是高价值的植物细胞壁多糖，在食品、制药、纺织、造纸和环境领域有广泛应用。传统的提取和加工方法严重依赖强酸、高温和不可再生溶剂，产生了巨大的环境和经济成本。本综述整合了整个果胶酶价值链的最新进展，从绿色果胶提取和上游底物表征，到酶生产的工艺和统计优化，再到工业生物催化应用。我们提出了一条实用路线图，以开发支持循环生物经济目标的高效、低环境足迹的酶系统。通过关于菌株性能、发酵参数和工业效价的比较数据，对优化策略进行了批判性评估，包括深层发酵与固态发酵、响应面法、人工神经网络和实验设计。特定领域的案例研究证明了果胶酶在果汁澄清、纺织品生物精练、纸张生物漂白、生物基洗涤剂、咖啡和茶加工、油提取、动物饲料强化、废水处理和植物病毒纯化中的功效。确定了 remaining challenges，包括酶在复杂基质中的稳定性、技术经济放大和结构导向的蛋白质工程。朝着CRISPR驱动的酶设计和完全整合的循环经济生物加工平台绘制了未来方向。 （注：原文中“Remaining challenges”未翻译完整，可能存在信息缺失，推测是“剩余挑战”之类的意思）
