Jung Eun-Ha, Hwang Geelsu, Kim Ki-Rim
Departments of Dental Hygiene, Kyungpook National University, 2559 Gyeongsang-daero, Sangju 37224, Republic of Korea.
Department of Preventive and Restorative Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
Nutrients. 2025 Sep 19;17(18):2999. doi: 10.3390/nu17182999.
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Dental plaque, a biofilm composed of accumulated oral microorganisms, is a key contributor to various oral diseases. 6-shogaol, a bioactive compound of ginger, is known to have pharmacological activities, including anticancer, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial activities. Therefore, we aimed to determine the effects of 6-shogaol on dual-species biofilms of () and ().
Dual-species oral biofilms were formed on hydroxyapatite (HA) disks for 42 h and exposed to 6-shogaol. The pH was measured in the experimental medium, and the biomass, colony-forming unit (CFU) of microbial cells, and insoluble extracellular polysaccharides (EPS) were quantified in the biofilm formed on the HA disk. Confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) was used to assess biofilm morphology, and quantitative polymerase chain reaction was performed to analyze gene expression.
6-shogaol dose-dependently reduced insoluble EPS, CFU counts, and dry weight of biofilms. The pH was maintained above 5.5 in the 6-shogaol-treated group. CLSM images showed that proliferation, hyphal development, and EPS production were markedly inhibited in biofilms treated with 6-shogaol. The expression of and was significantly downregulated by 6-shogaol.
These findings suggest that 6-shogaol has the potential to be a promising natural product for the prevention and management of oral biofilm-related oral diseases.
背景/目的：牙菌斑是一种由口腔微生物聚集形成的生物膜，是多种口腔疾病的关键促成因素。6-姜辣素是生姜的一种生物活性化合物，已知具有药理活性，包括抗癌、抗炎和抗菌活性。因此，我们旨在确定6-姜辣素对（）和（）双物种生物膜的影响。
在羟基磷灰石（HA）圆盘上形成双物种口腔生物膜42小时，并暴露于6-姜辣素。测量实验培养基中的pH值，并对HA圆盘上形成的生物膜中的微生物细胞生物量、菌落形成单位（CFU）和不溶性细胞外多糖（EPS）进行定量。使用共聚焦激光扫描显微镜（CLSM）评估生物膜形态，并进行定量聚合酶链反应以分析基因表达。
6-姜辣素剂量依赖性地降低了生物膜的不溶性EPS、CFU计数和干重。6-姜辣素处理组的pH值维持在5.5以上。CLSM图像显示，6-姜辣素处理的生物膜中（）增殖、（）菌丝发育和EPS产生均受到明显抑制。6-姜辣素显著下调了（）和（）的表达。
这些发现表明，6-姜辣素有可能成为预防和管理口腔生物膜相关口腔疾病的有前景的天然产物。
