Rana Eaftekhar Ahmed, Prodhan M Asaduzzaman, Aleri Joshua W, Akter Syeda Hasina, Annandale Henry, Abraham Sam, Sarker Subir, Gogoi-Tiwari Jully, Uddin Jasim Muhammad
School of Veterinary Medicine, Murdoch University, Perth, WA 6150, Australia.
Department of Microbiology and Veterinary Public Health, Chattogram Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Zakir Hossain Road, Khulsi, Chattogram 4225, Bangladesh.
Viruses. 2025 Sep 7;17(9):1221. doi: 10.3390/v17091221.
The bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) infects a wide range of domestic and wild mammals. This review hypothesized that there might be cross-species transmission of BVDV. Therefore, the aim was to explore the BVDV-5' UTR and N-pro sequence-based evidence to understand host plasticity among different animals. A total of 146 unique BVDV sequences retrieved from GenBank, originating from 12 distinct mammalian species that are submitted from 55 countries, were analyzed. The phylogenetic analysis revealed that all three BVDV species exhibited genetic relatedness infecting diverse animal species. BVDV-1 sequences obtained from cattle, buffalo, and pigs and BVDV-2 and HoBi-like pestivirus sequences from cattle, goats, and sheep showed a genetic resemblance. Surprisingly, cattle and buffalo in China, cattle and yak in Mongolia, cattle and wild boar in Serbia, cattle and deer in Mexico, cattle and alpacas in Canada, goats and pigs in the USA, and sheep and buffalo in Argentina were infected with BVDV-1 within the same county and strongly positioned in the same cluster, indicating potential spillover with host tropism. Moreover, BVDV sequences isolated from various neighboring countries clustered closely, suggesting potential cross-border transmission events. Based on genomic evidence, the BVDV transmission cycle could be depicted, where cattle act as a primary source of infection, while other domestic and wild animals maintain the infection ecology within their habitat due to virus tropism.
牛病毒性腹泻病毒（BVDV）可感染多种家养和野生哺乳动物。本综述推测BVDV可能存在跨物种传播。因此，目的是探索基于BVDV 5′非编码区（UTR）和N端前导序列的证据，以了解不同动物之间宿主的可塑性。对从GenBank检索到的146个独特的BVDV序列进行了分析，这些序列来自55个国家提交的12个不同的哺乳动物物种。系统发育分析表明，所有三种BVDV毒株在感染不同动物物种时均表现出遗传相关性。从牛、水牛和猪获得的BVDV-1序列，以及从牛、山羊和绵羊获得的BVDV-2和霍比样瘟病毒序列显示出遗传相似性。令人惊讶的是，中国的牛和水牛、蒙古的牛和牦牛、塞尔维亚的牛和野猪、墨西哥的牛和鹿、加拿大的牛和羊驼、美国的山羊和猪，以及阿根廷的绵羊和水牛在同一县内感染了BVDV-1，并且在同一聚类中紧密定位，表明存在宿主嗜性的潜在溢出。此外，从各个邻国分离的BVDV序列聚类紧密，表明存在潜在的跨境传播事件。基于基因组证据，可以描绘出BVDV的传播周期，其中牛是主要感染源，而其他家养和野生动物由于病毒嗜性在其栖息地内维持感染生态。
