Sarrett McCall E, Shea Christine, McMurray Bob
Dept. of Psychological & Brain Sciences, Villanova University.
Dept. of Spanish and Portuguese, Dept. of Linguistics, University of Iowa.
Lang Cogn Neurosci. 2022 Feb;37(2):165-181. doi: 10.1080/23273798.2021.1952283. Epub 2021 Jul 19.
Second language (L2) learners must not only acquire L2 knowledge (i.e. vocabulary and grammar), but they must also rapidly access this knowledge. In monolinguals, efficient spoken word recognition is accomplished via lexical competition, by which listeners activate a range of candidates that compete for recognition as the signal unfolds. We examined this in adult L2 learners, investigating lexical competition both amongst words of the L2, and between L2 and native language (L1) words. Adult L2 learners (N=33) in their third semester of college Spanish completed a cross-linguistic Visual World Paradigm task to assess lexical activation, along with proficiency assessment (LexTALE-Esp). L2 learners showed typical incremental processing activating both within-L2 and cross-linguistic competitors, similar to fluent bilinguals. Proficiency correlated with both the speed of activating the target (which prior work links to the developmental progression in L1) and the degree to which competition ultimately resolves (linked to robustness of the lexicon).
第二语言（L2）学习者不仅必须掌握第二语言知识（即词汇和语法），还必须能够快速获取这些知识。在单语者中，有效的口语单词识别是通过词汇竞争来完成的，即听众在信号展开时激活一系列候选单词以竞争被识别。我们在成年第二语言学习者中对此进行了研究，调查了第二语言单词之间以及第二语言和母语（L1）单词之间的词汇竞争。大学西班牙语第三学期的成年第二语言学习者（N = 33）完成了一项跨语言视觉世界范式任务，以评估词汇激活情况，同时进行了语言能力评估（LexTALE-Esp）。与流利的双语者类似，第二语言学习者表现出典型的渐进式处理，激活了第二语言内部和跨语言的竞争单词。语言能力与激活目标的速度（先前的研究将其与第一语言的发展进程联系起来）以及竞争最终解决的程度（与词汇的稳健性相关）都有关系。
