Smith J M
Proc R Soc Lond B Biol Sci. 1979 Sep 21;205(1161):475-88. doi: 10.1098/rspb.1979.0080.
How far can game theory account for the evolution of contest behaviour in animals? The first qualitative prediction of the theory was that symmetric contests in which escalation is expensive should lead to mixed strategies. As yet it is hard to say how far this is borne out, because of the difficulty of distinguishing a 'mixed evolutionarily stable strategy' maintained by frequency-dependent selection from a 'pure conditional strategy'; the distinction is discussed in relation to several field studies. The second prediction was that if a contest is asymmetric (e.g. in ownership) then the asymmetry will be used as a conventional cue to settle it. This prediction has been well supported by observation. A third important issue is whether or not information about intentions is exchanged during contests. The significance of 'assessment' strategies is discussed.
博弈论能在多大程度上解释动物竞争行为的进化？该理论的第一个定性预测是，在升级成本高昂的对称竞争中应会产生混合策略。由于难以区分由频率依赖选择维持的“混合进化稳定策略”和“纯条件策略”，目前很难说这一预测在多大程度上得到了证实；结合多项实地研究对这一区别进行了讨论。第二个预测是，如果竞争是不对称的（例如在所有权方面），那么这种不对称将被用作解决竞争的传统线索。这一预测已得到观察结果的有力支持。第三个重要问题是在竞争过程中是否会交换有关意图的信息。文中讨论了“评估”策略的重要性。
