Jervell J, Moe N, Skjaeraasen J, Blystad W, Egge K
Diabetologia. 1979 Mar;16(3):151-5. doi: 10.1007/BF01219791.
During the years 1970-1977, 234 pregnant diabetics were treated in Oslo. A regimen of close metabolic and obstetric control was used. The total perinatal mortality was 4.3%, and 3.1% in 160 patients followed from before week 28. In 74% of patients mean blood glucose (determined 4 times daily) during the last 5-6 weeks of pregnancy was below 6 mmol/1 and in only one patient above 8 mmol/1. There was a low incidence of ketoacidosis (5 patients), pyelonephritis (3 patients), and severe preeclampsia (1 patient), although mild to moderate preeclampsia occurred in 28 patients. Preeclampsia was not associated with foetal loss. Macrosomia was rare. Respiratory distress occurred in 33 infants, in most cases light to moderate. Two foetal deaths were associated with respiratory distress. Progression of retinopathy was frequent, and appearance of or progression of proliferative changes occurred in 15 patients with retinopathy before pregnancy. Loss of visual acuity was rare, and reading vision was not lost by any patients. Induced vaginal delivery has been used in half the deliveries during the last years, whereas Caesarean section was preferred during the first years. Mean duration of pregnancy at delivery has been 260 days, 256 days during the first four years, and 262 days during the last four.
1970年至1977年期间，奥斯陆有234名妊娠糖尿病患者接受了治疗。采用了密切的代谢和产科控制方案。围产期总死亡率为4.3%，在妊娠28周前开始跟踪的160名患者中为3.1%。74%的患者在妊娠最后5 - 6周期间的平均血糖（每天测定4次）低于6 mmol/L，只有1名患者高于8 mmol/L。酮症酸中毒（5例）、肾盂肾炎（3例）和重度先兆子痫（1例）的发生率较低，不过28例患者发生了轻度至中度先兆子痫。先兆子痫与胎儿死亡无关。巨大儿很少见。33名婴儿出现呼吸窘迫，多数为轻度至中度。2例胎儿死亡与呼吸窘迫有关。视网膜病变进展频繁，15例妊娠前有视网膜病变的患者出现增殖性改变或病情进展。视力丧失很少见，没有患者丧失阅读视力。在过去几年中，一半的分娩采用了引产，而在最初几年剖宫产更受青睐。分娩时的平均妊娠时长为260天，前四年为256天，后四年为262天。
