The enzymology of short-chain fatty acyl-coenzyme A synthetase from seeds of Pinus radiata. Kinetic studies and a proposed reaction mechanism.

1. Short-chain fatty acyl-CoA synthetase from seeds of Pinus radiata was examined by acetate- and propionate-dependent PP(i)-ATP exchange. Reaction mixtures came to equilibrium almost instantly as judged by rates of exchange and analysis of an incubation mixture. 2. The activity of the enzyme was correlated with the concentration of MgP(2)O(7) (2-) but not with the concentration of Mg(2+), as judged by PP(i)-ATP exchange and fatty acyl AMP-dependent synthesis of ATP in the presence of PP(i). In PP(i)-ATP exchange assays, no clear relationship between activity and any single species of ATP was apparent. 3. High concentrations of fatty acid inhibited PP(i)-ATP exchange. PP(i)-dATP exchange was less than PP(i)-ATP exchange at low concentrations of fatty acid, but at higher concentrations PP(i)-dATP exchange exceeded PP(i)-ATP exchange. The rate of synthesis of fatty acyl-CoA in the presence of dATP was less than with ATP. 4. ATP and propionate inhibited the synthesis of ATP from propionyl-AMP and PP(i). The inhibition by ATP was competitive with respect to propionyl-AMP and non-competitive with respect to PP(i). The inhibition by propionate was non-competitive with respect to propionyl-AMP and PP(i). 5. AMP was a competitive inhibitor of propionyl-AMP-dependent synthesis of ATP and competitively inhibited propionate-dependent PP(i)-ATP exchange when ATP was the variable substrate. 6. It was concluded that the first partial reaction catalysed by the enzyme is ordered; ATP is the first substrate to react with the enzyme and PP(i) is probably the only product released.