Eaton L W, Maughan W L, Shoukas A A, Weiss J L
Circulation. 1979 Aug;60(2):320-6. doi: 10.1161/01.cir.60.2.320.
Two-dimensional echocardiography can provide serial cross-sectional images of the left ventricular cavity. We examined whether such serial images from steady-state ejecting hearts would allow three-dimensional reconstruction and accurate volume estimation without major geometric assumptions. Cross-circulated, paced dog hearts were suspended in a blood-filled tank. Serial cross-sectional images were taken at 3-mm intervals along the vertical axis. Left ventricular cavity and muscle areas of each image were planimetered with a light-pen system and summated for volume: total volume = sigma (areas x 3 mm). Direct left ventricular volume was measured through the cardiac cycle with a volumetric chamber connected to a balloon in the ejecting left ventricle. In six hearts, 67 separate direct volume measurements (range 9.5--54.7 ml) from various points in the cardiac cycle were compared with the simultaneous echo volume measurements. By least squares linear regression, echo volume = 1.01 (direct volume) - 0.44 ml; r = 0.972, SEE = 2.93 ml. Provided accurate cross-sectional localization is available, these studies suggest that extremely accurate steady-state left ventricular volume can be determined noninvasively in the ejecting heart from multiple cross-sectional images.
二维超声心动图能够提供左心室腔的系列横断面图像。我们研究了来自稳态射血心脏的此类系列图像是否能够在无需重大几何假设的情况下进行三维重建并准确估计容积。交叉循环、起搏的犬心脏被悬吊于充满血液的槽中。沿垂直轴以3毫米的间隔获取系列横断面图像。用光学笔系统对每个图像的左心室腔和心肌面积进行求积并求和以计算容积：总体积 = ∑（面积×3毫米）。通过连接到射血左心室内球囊的容积室在心动周期中测量左心室的直接容积。在6只心脏中，将来自心动周期不同时间点的67次单独的直接容积测量值（范围9.5 - 54.7毫升）与同时进行的超声容积测量值进行比较。通过最小二乘线性回归，超声容积 = 1.01（直接容积）- 0.44毫升；r = 0.972，标准误 = 2.93毫升。如果能够进行准确的横断面定位，这些研究表明，通过多个横断面图像可以在射血心脏中无创地确定极其准确的稳态左心室容积。
