Widdowson E M, Southgate D A, Schutz Y
Arch Dis Child. 1974 Nov;49(11):867-73. doi: 10.1136/adc.49.11.867.
Thirty-two dried milk preparations, designed for infant feeding and obtained from 7 European countries, have been analysed for nitrogen, carbohydrate, fat, the distribution of fatty acids in the fat, and 8 inorganic constituents. The composition of the milks differed considerably. Some were full-cream dried milks. Many had carbohydrate added in the form of lactose, sucrose, or dextrimaltose. Some were `half-cream', others had had all the milk fat removed and replaced by a mixture of animal and vegetable fats or, in one instance, by maize oil alone. The fatty acid composition of these milks varied considerably, and linoleic acid accounted for up to 58% of the total fat in one as compared with 9% of the fat in human milk and 1 to 2% of that in cow's milk. All the milks contained considerably more calcium and phosphorus per 100 g solids than human milk, some of them four times as much. Some milks had had an iron salt added during manufacture, and a few contained added copper.
对从7个欧洲国家获取的32种用于婴儿喂养的干奶制品进行了分析，检测了其中氮、碳水化合物、脂肪、脂肪中脂肪酸的分布以及8种无机成分。这些奶制品的成分差异很大。有些是全脂奶粉。许多添加了乳糖、蔗糖或糊精麦芽糖形式的碳水化合物。有些是“半脂”奶粉，其他的则去除了所有乳脂肪，代之以动植物脂肪混合物，或在一个例子中仅用玉米油替代。这些奶粉的脂肪酸组成差异很大，其中一种奶粉中亚油酸占总脂肪的比例高达58%，相比之下，人乳中脂肪的这一比例为9%，牛乳中为1%至2%。所有奶粉每100克固体中所含的钙和磷都比人乳多得多，有些是其四倍。有些奶粉在生产过程中添加了铁盐，少数还添加了铜。
