金鱼的样本匹配和样本异常辨别
Matching-to-sample and oddity-from-sample in goldfish.
作者信息
Goldman M, Shapiro S
出版信息
J Exp Anal Behav. 1979 Mar;31(2):259-66. doi: 10.1901/jeab.1979.31-259.
Acquisition of three-alternative simultaneous matching-to-sample and oddity-from-sample was investigated. Five goldfish were trained on matching and five on oddity for a minimum of 70 days. Subsequently, six of the fish were trained for 70 days on the other task. Acquisition was similar for oddity and matching. Correct responding started at about chance level and slowly increased to about 75%, with some animals performing at levels of over 85%. Acquisition of oddity following matching and matching following oddity began below chance. Maximal level of performance on second-task oddity was comparable to that on first-task matching. By contrast, the maximal levels of performance when matching was the second task were not as high as that of the same subjects at the end of first-task oddity. All fish exhibited strong color preferences during matching acquisition but not during oddity acquisition. The data demonstrated that goldfish can acquire a discrimination in which the stimulus associated with reinforcement depends on the identity of a second stimulus.
研究了金鱼对三项选择同时样本匹配和样本奇特性任务的习得情况。五条金鱼接受匹配任务训练，五条接受奇特性任务训练，最少训练70天。随后，其中六条鱼接受另一项任务训练70天。奇特性任务和匹配任务的习得情况相似。正确反应开始时约为随机水平，随后缓慢增加到约75%，一些动物的表现超过85%。在匹配任务后进行奇特性任务的习得以及在奇特性任务后进行匹配任务的习得开始时低于随机水平。第二项任务奇特性的最大表现水平与第一项任务匹配的最大表现水平相当。相比之下，当匹配作为第二项任务时，最大表现水平不如同一组金鱼在第一项任务奇特性结束时的水平高。所有金鱼在匹配任务习得期间都表现出强烈的颜色偏好，但在奇特性任务习得期间没有。数据表明，金鱼能够习得一种辨别能力，其中与强化相关的刺激取决于第二个刺激的特征。
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