Holmes P W
J Exp Anal Behav. 1979 Jan;31(1):103-14. doi: 10.1901/jeab.1979.31-103.
Three pigeons were given extensive training on three-key simultaneous matching problems using geometric-form and hue stimuli. After acquisition of matching, the birds were tested with pairs of stimuli involving one or both novel members. Matching during the test stimuli occurred less often than during the later stages of the acquisition phase, but more often than would occur if no transfer had taken place. Greater positive transfer was observed for problems that involved one, rather than two, novel stimuli. In the second phase of the experiment, previously trained birds were shifted to problems that required symbolic matching, i.e., the pigeons had to associate a particular center-key stimulus with a particular side-key stimulus. On each trial, one of two simuli was presented on the center key, and two other stimuli, different from those used on the center key, were displayed on the side keys. When the problem shift was introduced, correct responding was impaired, but remained considerably above chance level and quickly recovered in following sessions. The results were interpreted as favoring a stimulus-response-chaining account of matching behavior.
三只鸽子接受了广泛的训练，使用几何形状和色调刺激在三键同时匹配问题上进行训练。在获得匹配能力后，用包含一个或两个新成员的刺激对进行测试。测试刺激期间的匹配发生频率低于习得阶段后期，但高于没有发生迁移时的频率。对于涉及一个而非两个新刺激的问题，观察到更大的正向迁移。在实验的第二阶段，先前训练过的鸽子被转移到需要符号匹配的问题上，即鸽子必须将特定的中央键刺激与特定的侧键刺激联系起来。在每次试验中，中央键上呈现两个刺激中的一个，侧键上显示与中央键上使用的刺激不同的另外两个刺激。当引入问题转换时，正确反应受到损害，但仍远高于随机水平，并在随后的试验中迅速恢复。结果被解释为支持匹配行为的刺激-反应链解释。
