White A E, Takehisa S, Eger E I, Wolff S, Stevens W C
Anesthesiology. 1979 May;50(5):426-30. doi: 10.1097/00000542-197905000-00010.
There is sufficient evidence that anesthetics may cause cancer to justify a test of their carcinogenic potential. Baden, et al., using the Ames test, a rapid and inexpensive genetic indicator of carcinogenicity, have shown that among currently used anesthetics fluroxene alone caused bacterial mutations. The authors used the sister chromatid exchange (SCE) technique, another rapid assay of mutagenic-carcinogenic potential. The frequency of sister chromatid exchanges in Chinese hamster ovary cells increases when the cell cultures are exposed to mutagen-carcinogens, particularly in the presence of a metabolic activating system. With this test system a one-hour exposure to 1 MAC nitrous oxide, diethyl ether, trichloroethylene, halothane, enflurane, isoflurane, methoxyflurane, or chloroform did not increase SCE values. Divinyl ether, fluroxene and ethyl vinyl ether increased SCE values in the same circumstances. Results of this study of mammalian cells suggest that no currently used anesthetic is a mutagen-carcinogen. The results also suggest that anesthetics containing a vinyl moiety may be mutagen-carcinogens.
有充分证据表明麻醉剂可能致癌，因此有必要对其致癌潜力进行测试。巴登等人使用艾姆斯试验（一种快速且廉价的致癌性基因指标）表明，在目前使用的麻醉剂中，仅氟烯会导致细菌突变。作者使用了姐妹染色单体交换（SCE）技术，这是另一种快速检测诱变致癌潜力的方法。当细胞培养物暴露于诱变致癌物时，尤其是在存在代谢激活系统的情况下，中国仓鼠卵巢细胞中的姐妹染色单体交换频率会增加。在这个测试系统中，将细胞暴露于1个最低肺泡有效浓度的一氧化二氮、乙醚、三氯乙烯、氟烷、恩氟烷、异氟烷、甲氧氟烷或氯仿1小时，并不会增加SCE值。在相同情况下，二乙烯醚、氟烯和乙基乙烯基醚会增加SCE值。这项对哺乳动物细胞的研究结果表明，目前使用的麻醉剂都不是诱变致癌物。结果还表明，含有乙烯基部分的麻醉剂可能是诱变致癌物。
