Johnson G J, Matthews A, Perkins E S
Br J Ophthalmol. 1979 Jun;63(6):440-8. doi: 10.1136/bjo.63.6.440.
Of the 745 available members of the population of Nain in Labrador 650 (87%) were screened for refractive errors and ocular disease. Refraction by retinoscopy was done in 553 and axial length measured by an optical method in 514. The results showed that the incidence of low degrees of myopia was higher in Inuit (Eskimos) and those of Mixed Inuit-Caucasian blood in the age groups 10 to 40 than in those over 40. 75% of the myopes came from 20 families in which myopia was present in 2 or more generations. Although there was no significant correlation between the refraction of parents and offspring, there were significant correlations between them for axial length. The axial lenths of the myopic eyes of the Inuit and Mixed populations were significantly longer than emmetropic and hypermetropic eyes. The younger memebers of the population were taller than their parents, and except in female Caucasians axial length showed a significant positive correlation with height. More myopes than emmetropes and hypermetropes achieved grade 8 or more in school. It is suggested that the increased incidence of myopia in the younger age groups might be due to environmental factors interfering with the process of emmetropisation in eyes with a genetic predisposition to myopia by virtue of inheriting a slightlt longer eye. Better nutrition resulting in an increase in stature may also have had some influence.
在拉布拉多地区奈恩镇的745名适龄居民中，650人（87%）接受了屈光不正和眼部疾病筛查。其中553人进行了视网膜检影验光，514人采用光学方法测量了眼轴长度。结果显示，10至40岁的因纽特人（爱斯基摩人）以及因纽特 - 高加索混血人群中低度近视的发病率高于40岁以上人群。75%的近视患者来自20个家庭，这些家庭中两代或两代以上存在近视情况。虽然父母与子女的屈光状态之间无显著相关性，但眼轴长度存在显著相关性。因纽特人和混血人群近视眼中的眼轴长度显著长于正视眼和远视眼。该人群中较年轻的成员比他们的父母更高，除了女性高加索人外，眼轴长度与身高呈显著正相关。近视患者中达到八年级及以上学业水平的人数多于正视眼和远视眼患者。研究表明，较年轻年龄组近视发病率增加可能是由于环境因素干扰了具有近视遗传易感性（因遗传了略长的眼睛）的眼睛正视化过程。营养改善导致身高增加也可能产生了一定影响。
