Rovee-Collier C K, Capatides J B
J Exp Anal Behav. 1979 Jul;32(1):15-27. doi: 10.1901/jeab.1979.32-15.
Positive behavioral contrast was assessed in two experiments with young infants using multiple conjugate reinforcement schedules. Reinforcement was produced by footkicks which activated the objects of an overhead crib mobile in a manner proportional to the vigor and rate of responding. Distinctive color/pattern cues on the sides of the objects served as discriminative stimuli for components of the multiple schedule. In Experiment 1, infants were trained with one cue (S+) only before insertion of S+ into a multiple schedule with an extinction component. A control group received S+ throughout all sessions. In Experiment 2, a multiple schedule was introduced at the outset, and responses in both components were reinforced before the introduction of extinction in the second component. In a final phase, reinforcement was reintroduced into the second component. Positive behavioral contrast occurred in both experiments. Response reduction in the extinction component was seen only in individual relative response curves. In both experiments, negative emotional behaviors accompanied the extinction component, and in Experiment 1, cooing accompanied presentations of S+.
在两项针对幼儿的实验中，使用多重共轭强化程序评估了积极行为对比。强化通过踢腿产生，踢腿以与反应的力度和速率成比例的方式激活头顶婴儿床活动装置的物体。物体侧面独特的颜色/图案线索作为多重程序各部分的辨别性刺激。在实验1中，婴儿仅在将S+插入带有消退成分的多重程序之前接受一种线索（S+）的训练。一个对照组在所有阶段都接受S+。在实验2中，一开始就引入了多重程序，并且在第二个成分引入消退之前，两个成分中的反应都得到了强化。在最后一个阶段，强化重新引入第二个成分。两项实验中均出现了积极行为对比。仅在个体相对反应曲线中观察到消退成分中的反应减少。在两项实验中，消极情绪行为都伴随着消退成分，并且在实验1中，咕咕声伴随着S+的呈现。
