Lowbury E J, Lilly H A
Lancet. 1975 Jul 26;2(7926):153-6. doi: 10.1016/s0140-6736(75)90058-6.
A 95% ethanol solution containing 0-5% chlorhexidine digluconate caused a significantly greater mean reduction in skin bacteria (99-9% plus or minus 0-024) when rubbed by a gloved hand on to the skin of one hand for two minutes than when applied to the same area for the same time with the traditional gauze applicator for operation sites (90-7% plus or minus 2-12). The latter reduction, however, was greater than that reported in five previous experiments in which application of the same solution for the same time to two hands gave mean reductions varying from 79% to 84%. An aqueous solution and a 70% alcoholic solution of chlorhexidine also gave significantly greater reduction (and alcoholic povidone iodine almost significantly greater reduction) when applied by a gloved hand than on gauze. It is inferred that the effectiveness of skin disinfection depends both on the antiseptic used and on the manner of application, and varies with the amount of friction used in applying the antiseptic. Further studies on disinfection of the surgeon's hands with 0-5% chlorhexidine in 95% alcohol rubbed on and allowed to dry have supported its value and acceptability; the mean bacterial counts of washings from gloves of surgeons after operations were lower after the use of this method than after other preoperative preparations of the hands.
含0 - 5%葡萄糖酸洗必泰的95%乙醇溶液，由戴手套的手在一只手的皮肤上擦拭两分钟，其皮肤细菌平均减少量（99.9%±0.024）显著大于用传统纱布涂抹器在手术部位相同区域涂抹相同时间的减少量（90.7%±2.12）。然而，后一种减少量大于之前五项实验中所报告的，在那些实验里，相同溶液在两只手上涂抹相同时间，平均减少量在79%至84%之间。当用戴手套的手涂抹时，洗必泰的水溶液和70%酒精溶液也能使细菌显著减少（聚维酮碘酒精溶液的减少量几乎显著更大），相比用纱布涂抹时。由此推断，皮肤消毒的效果既取决于所用的防腐剂，也取决于涂抹方式，并且会因涂抹防腐剂时的摩擦程度不同而有所变化。进一步关于用95%酒精中含0 - 5%洗必泰涂抹并使其干燥来对外科医生手部进行消毒的研究，证实了其价值和可接受性；使用此方法后，外科医生术后手套清洗液中的平均细菌计数低于手部其他术前准备方法后的计数。
