Buss A H, Iscoe I, Buss E H
J Psychol. 1979 Nov;103(2d Half):227-30.
Parents of children in the age range 3 to 12 years were asked about their children's embarrassment and blushing during the previous six months. This survey revealed that roughly one in four preschool children showed embarrassment. Starting with age 5, a majority of children showed embarrassment. There were no systematic gender differences. Blushing was reported in slightly more than half the children who were embarrassed. On the assumption that embarrassment signals the presence of a social self, a social self develops at about 5 years of age for most children.
研究人员询问了3至12岁孩子的父母，了解他们孩子在过去六个月内感到尴尬和脸红的情况。这项调查显示，大约四分之一的学龄前儿童会感到尴尬。从5岁开始，大多数孩子都会感到尴尬。不存在系统性的性别差异。在感到尴尬的孩子中，略多于一半的孩子会脸红。假设尴尬表明社会自我的存在，那么对大多数孩子来说，社会自我大约在5岁时形成。
