Stuart-Harris C H
Bull World Health Organ. 1969;41(3):617-21.
Emulsified inactivated influenza vaccines have been in use for some 18 years and the goal of enhanced serological response lasting 2 years or more has been attained. The safety of the method in relation to immediate pyrogenic reactions has been demonstrated and no carcinogenic effects are known to have occurred in man. However, the problem of delayed local reactions after the injection of mineral-oil vaccines has not been solved. British experience of adverse reactions to commercial adjuvant influenza vaccine is quoted.New methods for obtaining adjuvant action without the risk of local abscess formation are needed both for inactivated whole virus and for split haemagglutinin vaccines. Reversal of water-in-mineral-oil emulsion to oil-in-water emulsion reduces viscosity and permits diffusion of the depot injection. A trial in Britain has shown equally good adjuvant properties of the reversed emulsion incorporating influenza virus vaccine so far as serological response is concerned, although it has not yet been conducted on a scale that would allow of adequate evaluation of the likelihood of delayed local reactions.
乳化灭活流感疫苗已使用约18年，并且已实现增强血清学反应持续2年或更长时间的目标。已证明该方法在即时热原反应方面的安全性，且已知在人类中未发生致癌作用。然而，注射矿物油疫苗后延迟局部反应的问题尚未解决。引用了英国关于商业佐剂流感疫苗不良反应的经验。对于灭活全病毒疫苗和裂解血凝素疫苗，都需要有新的方法来获得佐剂作用而无局部脓肿形成的风险。水包油乳液向油包水乳液的转变降低了粘度，并使储库注射剂能够扩散。英国的一项试验表明，就血清学反应而言，含有流感病毒疫苗的反向乳液具有同样良好的佐剂特性，尽管尚未在足以充分评估延迟局部反应可能性的规模上进行试验。
